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Epigenetics I: Introduction and Mechanisms

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Epigenetics I: Introduction and Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

What can result in epigenetic effects?

Perpetuation of protein structures

Both a and b (correct)

Modification of a nucleic acid after it has been synthesized

Creation of prions

How is hemimethylated DNA produced?

By the replication of methylated DNA (correct)

By the binding of proteins to specific sequences

By the inactivation of genes within heterochromatin

By the perpetuation of protein structures

What is the role of proteins in nucleation of heterochromatin?

They propagate along the chromatin fiber

They modify nucleic acids after they have been synthesized

They bind to specific sequences and cause heterochromatin nucleation (correct)

They trigger the inactivation of genes within heterochromatin

What is the consequence of inactivation of genes within regions of heterochromatin?

Position effect variegation (PEV) Signup and view all the answers

What is a prion?

A proteinaceous infectious agent that behaves as an inheritable trait, although it contains no nucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

What creates heterochromatin?

Proteins associating with histones Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is the key in forming mammalian heterochromatin?

HP1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Rap1 in yeast in relation to heterochromatin formation?

Binds to specific target sequences in DNA to initiate heterochromatin formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Polycomb group proteins (Pc-G) in gene regulation?

Maintain repression through cell divisions Signup and view all the answers

What does a Polycomb response element (PRE) provide in gene regulation?

A nucleation center for heterochromatin formation Signup and view all the answers

Where are most methyl groups in DNA found?

On cytosine (C) in CpG doublets Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a fully methylated DNA site during replication?

Converts to a hemimethylated site Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA methyltransferase?

Adds a methyl group to a specific target sequence in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNAi pathways in relation to heterochromatin formation?

Promote heterochromatin formation at centromeres Signup and view all the answers

What promotes the spreading of Sir3 and Sir4 in yeast?

Sir2 Signup and view all the answers

Which protein initiates the formation of heterochromatin in yeast by binding to specific target sequences in DNA?

Rap1 Signup and view all the answers