Epigenetics I: Introduction and Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What can result in epigenetic effects?

  • Perpetuation of protein structures
  • Both a and b (correct)
  • Modification of a nucleic acid after it has been synthesized
  • Creation of prions

    • How is hemimethylated DNA produced?

  • By the replication of methylated DNA (correct)
  • By the binding of proteins to specific sequences
  • By the inactivation of genes within heterochromatin
  • By the perpetuation of protein structures

    • What is the role of proteins in nucleation of heterochromatin?

  • They propagate along the chromatin fiber
  • They modify nucleic acids after they have been synthesized
  • They bind to specific sequences and cause heterochromatin nucleation (correct)
  • They trigger the inactivation of genes within heterochromatin

    • What is the consequence of inactivation of genes within regions of heterochromatin?

    <p>Position effect variegation (PEV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prion?

    <p>A proteinaceous infectious agent that behaves as an inheritable trait, although it contains no nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates heterochromatin?

    <p>Proteins associating with histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is the key in forming mammalian heterochromatin?

    <p>HP1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Rap1 in yeast in relation to heterochromatin formation?

    <p>Binds to specific target sequences in DNA to initiate heterochromatin formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Polycomb group proteins (Pc-G) in gene regulation?

    <p>Maintain repression through cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Polycomb response element (PRE) provide in gene regulation?

    <p>A nucleation center for heterochromatin formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most methyl groups in DNA found?

    <p>On cytosine (C) in CpG doublets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a fully methylated DNA site during replication?

    <p>Converts to a hemimethylated site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA methyltransferase?

    <p>Adds a methyl group to a specific target sequence in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNAi pathways in relation to heterochromatin formation?

    <p>Promote heterochromatin formation at centromeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes the spreading of Sir3 and Sir4 in yeast?

    <p>Sir2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein initiates the formation of heterochromatin in yeast by binding to specific target sequences in DNA?

    <p>Rap1</p> Signup and view all the answers

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