10 Questions
What is the study of mechanisms that change gene expression by modifying the DNA without modifying its base sequence?
Epigenetics
What is the addition of methyl in the cytosine of 5’-CG-3’ dinucleotides known as?
DNA methylation
What is the genome-wide distribution of epigenetic marks referred to as?
Epigenome
What are the modifications of histones primarily involved in?
Regulation of gene activity
What does epigenetics contribute to that makes cells perform different functions despite being genetically alike?
Differential gene expression
What is the primary function of epigenetics?
Modify gene expression without altering the DNA base sequence
What is the role of an extra methyl group in relation to obesity?
Protects the animal from obesity
What is the function of the epigenome?
Regulate gene activity and expression
What does DNA methylation involve?
Addition of methyl in the cytosine of 5’-CG-3’ dinucleotides
What is the main focus of epigenetics mechanisms?
Control accessibility of the genome at the right time and place
Study Notes
Epigenetics Basics
- Epigenetics is the study of mechanisms that change gene expression by modifying the DNA without modifying its base sequence.
- The addition of methyl in the cytosine of 5’-CG-3’ dinucleotides is known as DNA methylation.
Epigenetic Marks
- The genome-wide distribution of epigenetic marks is referred to as the epigenome.
- The epigenome is responsible for the regulation of gene expression.
Histone Modifications
- Modifications of histones are primarily involved in the packing of DNA into chromatin.
- These modifications can either relax or compact the chromatin structure, affecting gene expression.
Cell Differentiation
- Epigenetics contributes to cell differentiation by making cells perform different functions despite being genetically alike.
- This is achieved through the regulation of gene expression, allowing cells to adopt specific functions.
Epigenetic Function
- The primary function of epigenetics is to regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
- The epigenome plays a crucial role in cell development, growth, and differentiation.
Obesity and Epigenetics
- An extra methyl group has been linked to obesity, suggesting that epigenetic factors may contribute to the development of obesity.
Epigenetic Mechanisms
- The main focus of epigenetics mechanisms is the regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and other epigenetic marks.
- These mechanisms are crucial for the development and function of cells, tissues, and organs.
Test your knowledge of epigenetics with this quiz on BIO 30 Genetics Lecture Module 8. Explore the concepts of epigenetic modifications, inheritance across generations, environmental influences, and the study of gene expression changes. Sharpen your understanding of epigenetic mechanisms and their impact on genetic regulation.
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