Introduction to Epigenetics: Histone Modifications & DNA Methylation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are histone modifications?

  • Reversible chemical modifications to histone tails (correct)
  • Methylation of DNA
  • Changes in the nucleotide sequence
  • Phosphorylation of DNA

Which enzyme is responsible for adding acetyl groups to histones?

  • Histone methyltransferase (HMT)
  • Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) (correct)
  • Histone deacetylase (HDAC)
  • DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT)

What is the function of H3K27ac modification?

  • Associated with gene expression (correct)
  • Associated with repetitive sequences
  • Associated with gene silencing
  • Associated with DNA damage

What is the role of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1)?

<p>Maintain DNA methylation patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of CpG islands in promoters?

<p>Prevent DNA methylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of histone deacetylase (HDAC)?

<p>To remove acetyl groups from histones, leading to gene repression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) in the process of epigenetics?

<p>It adds methyl groups to DNA, leading to gene repression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of H3K4me1 histone modification?

<p>It is associated with gene expression and serves as an activating mark (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main targets of DNA methylation in the genome?

<p>CpG islands in promoters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in epigenetics?

<p>To add acetyl groups to histones, leading to gene activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes epigenetics?

<p>Heritable chemical modifications to the genome or its scaffold that do not involve changes in nucleotide sequence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in epigenetics?

<p>Adding acetyl groups to histones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modification signature serves as a code for newly replicated DNA, DNA damage, and gene silencing or expression?

<p>H3K4me1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT1) in epigenetics?

<p>Maintaining DNA methylation patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are CpG islands primarily associated with in the genome?

<p>Gene silencing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are histone modifications?

Reversible chemical modifications to the tails of histone proteins.

What is the role of Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT)?

An enzyme that adds acetyl groups to histone tails, promoting gene expression.

What does the H3K27ac modification do?

A histone modification associated with active gene expression, often found in promoters.

What is the role of DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT1)?

An enzyme that maintains existing DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication.

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What are CpG islands?

Regions in the genome with high concentrations of CpG dinucleotides that are usually unmethylated and often associated with gene promoters.

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What is the main function of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)?

An enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones, leading to gene silencing.

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What is the role of DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT1) in epigenetics?

It catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to DNA, often leading to gene silencing.

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What is the significance of the H3K4me1 histone modification?

A histone modification associated with active gene expression and gene regulation.

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What are the main targets of DNA methylation in the genome?

CpG islands, which are concentrated regions of CpG dinucleotides in the genome.

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What is the main function of Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) in epigenetics?

It adds acetyl groups to histones, promoting gene activation.

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What is epigenetics?

Heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations in the DNA sequence.

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What is the function of Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) in epigenetics?

Adding acetyl groups to histone tails, promoting gene activation.

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What is the modification signature of H3K4me1?

It's a code that can indicate different cellular states, such as DNA replication, DNA damage, or gene expression.

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What is the main role of DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT1) in epigenetics?

It maintains existing DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication.

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What are CpG islands primarily associated with in the genome?

CpG islands are often associated with gene promoters, functioning as regulatory regions for genes.

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Study Notes

Histone Modifications

  • Histone modifications are epigenetic changes that alter chromatin structure and gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Histone Acetylation

  • Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is the enzyme responsible for adding acetyl groups to histones.
  • The main function of HAT in epigenetics is to relax chromatin structure, allowing for transcriptional activation.
  • H3K27ac modification is a mark of active gene expression and is associated with enhancers and promoters.

DNA Methylation

  • DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) is the enzyme responsible for adding methyl groups to CpG dinucleotides.
  • The main function of DNMT1 in epigenetics is to maintain DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication and repair.
  • CpG islands are primarily associated with gene promoters and are usually unmethylated, allowing for gene expression.
  • The main targets of DNA methylation in the genome are CpG-rich regions, including gene promoters and enhancers.

Histone Deacetylation

  • Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is the enzyme responsible for removing acetyl groups from histones.
  • The main function of HDAC in epigenetics is to compact chromatin structure, leading to transcriptional repression.

Epigenetic Significance

  • Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the DNA sequence.
  • The modification signature of histone modifications, including H3K4me1, serves as a code for newly replicated DNA, DNA damage, and gene silencing or expression.
  • H3K4me1 is a mark of active gene expression and is associated with enhancers and promoters.

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Test your knowledge on epigenetics, histone modifications, and DNA methylation through this quiz. Explore concepts like chemical modifications to the genome, histone modifications, reversible modifications, and enzymes involved in the process.

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