10 Questions
how can epigenetic abnormalities lead to tumour formation
hypomethylation of oncogenes leads to overexpression of genes that drive the proliferation of cancer cells. the hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes leads to reduced expression of genes that are involved in DNA repair, apoptosis and detoxification.
give an example of a hypomethylated gene in cancer
BCL-2 in breast cancer which is anti-apoptotic
give an example of a hypermethylated gene in cancer
MGMT which is a DNA repair gene that is hypermethylated in colon, lung and gastric cancers
describe how spontaneous mutation occurs in cytosine
when cytosine is methylated it forms S-cytosine which is very unstable and can undergo spontaneous deamination to form thymine
how does hypomethylation cause genome instability
genome-wide hypomethylation causes activation of transposable elements which are unstable, causing genome instability
what are epi-drugs
small molecule inhibitors that target the epigenetic machinery
what do epi-drugs target
enzymatic regulators
what is the action of epi-drugs
epi-drugs aim to activate TSGs, deactivate oncogenes prevent proliferation and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells
what are the two types of DNMT inhibitors
nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside analog inhibitors
how do nucleoside analog DNMT inhibitors work?
they incorporate themselves into the DNA which reduces methylation levels and reactivates TSGs
Explore the relationship between epigenetic abnormalities and the development of tumors. Learn how changes in gene expression and regulation can lead to cancer. Test your understanding of the role of epigenetics in tumor formation.
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