Enzymes in MPharm Programme: Lecture Week 13
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Questions and Answers

What are enzymes?

  • Simple, inactive biological molecules
  • Specialised, catalytically active biological macromolecules (correct)
  • Highly complex, non-specific catalysts
  • Inactive proteins found in aqueous solution
  • Which of the following is true about the classification of enzymes?

  • Most enzymes are RNA, while some are DNA
  • Enzymes are classified based on their function and the type of reaction they catalyze (correct)
  • Enzymes are all classified as globular proteins
  • Enzymes are classified based on their physical size only
  • Which statement accurately describes the nature of the interaction between enzymes and their substrates?

  • Enzymes bind to substrates but do not affect their chemical structure
  • Enzymes interact with substrates through non-covalent bonds and induce a temporary change in the substrate (correct)
  • Enzymes and substrates form strong covalent bonds
  • Enzymes undergo permanent changes during substrate binding
  • What is the relevance of enzymes and enzyme inhibition in medicine?

    <p>Enzyme inhibition plays a crucial role in drug development and disease treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is commonly added to the name of enzymes?

    <p>-ase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of cofactors required by some enzymes?

    <p>Metallo-organic and inorganic ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metabolic reaction involves bond formation between molecules to build complex molecules?

    <p>Anabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 3-D structure of enzymes often referred to as?

    <p>Globular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction classifies enzymes based on the type of reaction they catalyze?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do enzymes lower to enable metabolic reactions to proceed at a faster rate?

    <p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

    <p>To decrease the activation energy and speed up the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes bind to the substrate?

    <p>By forming weak chemical bonds with the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of enzyme action describes the substrate binding causing a conformational change in the enzyme?

    <p>'Induced Fit' Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the reaction rate when enzyme concentration increases?

    <p>The reaction rate levels off as substrate concentration becomes limiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

    <p>Optimum temperature leads to peak effect on enzyme-catalyzed reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

    <p>To speed up metabolic reactions without being consumed or chemically altered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing substrate concentration have on the reaction rate?

    <p>The reaction rate levels off as all enzyme active sites become engaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to enzyme activity at high temperatures?

    <p>Enzyme denaturation occurs, disrupting enzyme's 3D shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Lock and Key' model describe?

    <p>Substrate fitting into the 3-D structure of the enzyme's active site like a key fits into a lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing enzyme concentration have on the reaction rate?

    <p>The reaction rate levels off as substrate concentration becomes limiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreasing temperature on enzyme activity?

    <p>Molecules move slower, leading to decreased collisions between enzyme and substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Enzymes are named by adding the suffix “-ase” to the name of their substrate or a word describing their catalytic action.
    • Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze: Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases.
    • Each enzyme is assigned a four-part classification number and a systematic name that identifies the reaction it catalyzes.
    • Enzymes are protein molecules with a globular shape, complex 3-D structure, and an active site where substrates bind.
    • Some enzymes require non-protein chemical components called cofactors to function properly.
    • There are two types of cofactors: metal ion cofactors and organic/metallo-organic cofactors or cofactors.
    • Metal ion cofactors are small inorganic ions that assist with enzyme catalysis, while organic cofactors act as co-substrates or transient carriers of specific functional groups.
    • Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are types of organic cofactors that play crucial roles in enzyme function.
    • Enzymes catalyze cellular metabolic reactions, which are the sum of chemical reactions that take place in an organism.
    • Metabolic reactions include anabolism (biosynthesis) and catabolism (degradation).
    • Anabolism involves bond formation between molecules to build complex molecules, while catabolism involves bond breaking to break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
    • Anabolism requires energy input and is endergonic, while catabolism releases energy and is exergonic.
    • Enzymes lower the activation energy (EA) needed for metabolic reactions to proceed, enabling them to occur at a faster rate.
    • Enzymes are essential for life as they catalyze most biochemical reactions in the body and allow life's chemical reactions to proceed at an acceptable rate.

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    Explore the fundamentals of enzymes in pharmaceutical studies with a focus on enzyme structure, function, kinetics, and inhibition. Dive into the essential concepts of how enzymes interact with substrates and their role in cellular metabolism.

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