21 Questions
What are enzymes?
Specialised, catalytically active biological macromolecules
Which of the following is true about the classification of enzymes?
Enzymes are classified based on their function and the type of reaction they catalyze
Which statement accurately describes the nature of the interaction between enzymes and their substrates?
Enzymes interact with substrates through non-covalent bonds and induce a temporary change in the substrate
What is the relevance of enzymes and enzyme inhibition in medicine?
Enzyme inhibition plays a crucial role in drug development and disease treatment
Which suffix is commonly added to the name of enzymes?
-ase
What are the two types of cofactors required by some enzymes?
Metallo-organic and inorganic ions
Which type of metabolic reaction involves bond formation between molecules to build complex molecules?
Anabolism
What is the 3-D structure of enzymes often referred to as?
Globular
Which type of reaction classifies enzymes based on the type of reaction they catalyze?
Hydrolysis
What do enzymes lower to enable metabolic reactions to proceed at a faster rate?
Activation energy
What is the main function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?
To decrease the activation energy and speed up the reaction
How do enzymes bind to the substrate?
By forming weak chemical bonds with the substrate
Which model of enzyme action describes the substrate binding causing a conformational change in the enzyme?
'Induced Fit' Model
What happens to the reaction rate when enzyme concentration increases?
The reaction rate levels off as substrate concentration becomes limiting
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Optimum temperature leads to peak effect on enzyme-catalyzed reaction
What is the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions?
To speed up metabolic reactions without being consumed or chemically altered
What effect does increasing substrate concentration have on the reaction rate?
The reaction rate levels off as all enzyme active sites become engaged
What happens to enzyme activity at high temperatures?
Enzyme denaturation occurs, disrupting enzyme's 3D shape
What does the 'Lock and Key' model describe?
Substrate fitting into the 3-D structure of the enzyme's active site like a key fits into a lock
What effect does increasing enzyme concentration have on the reaction rate?
The reaction rate levels off as substrate concentration becomes limiting
What is the effect of decreasing temperature on enzyme activity?
Molecules move slower, leading to decreased collisions between enzyme and substrate
Study Notes
- Enzymes are named by adding the suffix “-ase” to the name of their substrate or a word describing their catalytic action.
- Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze: Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases.
- Each enzyme is assigned a four-part classification number and a systematic name that identifies the reaction it catalyzes.
- Enzymes are protein molecules with a globular shape, complex 3-D structure, and an active site where substrates bind.
- Some enzymes require non-protein chemical components called cofactors to function properly.
- There are two types of cofactors: metal ion cofactors and organic/metallo-organic cofactors or cofactors.
- Metal ion cofactors are small inorganic ions that assist with enzyme catalysis, while organic cofactors act as co-substrates or transient carriers of specific functional groups.
- Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are types of organic cofactors that play crucial roles in enzyme function.
- Enzymes catalyze cellular metabolic reactions, which are the sum of chemical reactions that take place in an organism.
- Metabolic reactions include anabolism (biosynthesis) and catabolism (degradation).
- Anabolism involves bond formation between molecules to build complex molecules, while catabolism involves bond breaking to break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
- Anabolism requires energy input and is endergonic, while catabolism releases energy and is exergonic.
- Enzymes lower the activation energy (EA) needed for metabolic reactions to proceed, enabling them to occur at a faster rate.
- Enzymes are essential for life as they catalyze most biochemical reactions in the body and allow life's chemical reactions to proceed at an acceptable rate.
Explore the fundamentals of enzymes in pharmaceutical studies with a focus on enzyme structure, function, kinetics, and inhibition. Dive into the essential concepts of how enzymes interact with substrates and their role in cellular metabolism.
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