Environmental Science Quiz: Greenhouse Gases & Algal Blooms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following gases is one of the main greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by humans?

  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Carbon dioxide (correct)

    • Excessive nutrients can inhibit algae growth in water bodies.

    True

    What is the maximum bloom extent (MBE)?

    The total area where algal blooms were detected at any time.

    A bloom severity index (SI) above ______ indicates a potentially harmful algal bloom.

    <p>5.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the exposure routes with their descriptions:

    <p>Skin Contact = Exposure through touching contaminated water. Breathing in Toxins = Exposure through tiny droplets in the air. Swallowing Contaminated Water = Accidental ingestion during recreational activities. Swallowing Contaminated Food = Consuming seafood contaminated by HAB toxins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season do algal blooms most often occur in Canada?

    <p>Summer to early fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microcystins are a type of neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bloom severity index (SI) measured over?

    <p>The peak 30-day season of algal biomass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant factor that urbanization contributes to the spread of infectious diseases?

    <p>Increased vector-host interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air pollution has no effect on susceptibility to diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the three factors that contribute to malaria elimination.

    <p>Widespread insecticide use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dengue is primarily spread by _____ mosquitoes.

    <p>Aedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is NOT heavily affected by dengue?

    <p>Asia Minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diseases with their respective mosquito vectors:

    <p>Malaria = Anopheles Dengue = Aedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malaria is preventable and curable.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rural migrant labor in China has grown significantly, leading to health _____ among populations.

    <p>disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Wetbulb Globe Temperature measure?

    <p>Heat stress in direct sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heat exhaustion is characterized by a rise in core body temperature exceeding 40°C.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heat index when the air temperature is 30°C and relative humidity is 70%?

    <p>41°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heat ______ is an inflammatory skin condition caused by blocked sweat glands.

    <p>rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the heat-related illness with its corresponding characteristics:

    <p>Heat Cramps = Painful muscle spasms from electrolyte loss Heat Exhaustion = Symptoms include weakness and dizziness Heat Stroke = Core body temperature exceeds 40°C Heat Rash = Inflammatory condition due to blocked sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for heat illness?

    <p>Chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Climate change is linked to an increase in heat wave duration and frequency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average length of a single heat wave event referred to as?

    <p>Average Duration of Heat Wave Events (HWAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that contributes to increased risk during heat waves for isolated individuals?

    <p>Lack of social support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2021 heat wave in Western North America resulted in the highest temperature ever recorded in Europe.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual health cost of climate change in Canada related to heat-related deaths and reduced quality of life by mid-century?

    <p>$3-3.9 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phenomenon where urban areas experience significantly higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas is called _____

    <p>Urban Heat Island</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their definitions:

    <p>Albedo = The reflectivity of a surface Evapotranspiration = The combined process of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants Impermeable Surfaces = Surfaces that do not allow water to penetrate Urban Heat Island = Urban areas experiencing significantly higher temperatures than rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of poorly ventilated housing?

    <p>Higher indoor temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outdoor workers are at lower risk during heat waves due to their acclimatization to high temperatures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surface type tends to absorb more heat due to its low reflectivity?

    <p>Dark surfaces like asphalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of sustainable pathways (SPS) in climate action?

    <p>Lower PM2.5-related deaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active transport decreases the risk of Type 2 diabetes by approximately 20%.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many premature deaths annually are attributed to household air pollution from solid fuel emissions?

    <p>4 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Switching to a _____-based diet could prevent 5.86 million deaths by 2040 due to reduced dietary risks.

    <p>plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following primary contributors to global GHG emissions with their respective categories:

    <p>Red meat = Methane emissions Dairy = Deforestation Shrimp = Mangrove disruption Plant-based foods = Lower GHG emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of global GHG emissions does food account for?

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SLCPs are responsible for the majority of current global warming.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implementation cost of switching to clean cookstoves annually?

    <p>$4.7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary health risks associated with poor indoor air quality following flooding?

    <p>Mold exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Floods are a significant cause of mental health issues among victims.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of poisoning can occur during power outages caused by flooding?

    <p>Carbon monoxide poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural disasters like floods account for about ___% of all disaster-related displacement worldwide.

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects of flooding with their corresponding categories:

    <p>Mold growth = Indoor air quality issue Displacement = Lifestyle disruption PTSD = Mental health issue Carbon monoxide poisoning = Safety hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which community faces a higher socioeconomic vulnerability to floods?

    <p>Indigenous communities on reserve lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Directly-related disaster deaths are solely caused by the disaster's immediate forces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one reason why accurate mortality data is important following disasters.

    <p>To inform response and recovery efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Algal Blooms

    • Rapid growth of algae or cyanobacteria that can harm people, animals, and local ecosystems
    • Appear as foam, scum, paint, or mats on water
    • Not all blooms are harmful; some are beneficial
    • Occur in both freshwater and saltwater

    Types of Blooms

    • Green Tide (Freshwater): Created by photosynthetic and macroalgae algae
      • Found globally
      • Macroalgae often outcompetes seagrass and coral reefs, reducing habitat and increasing oxygen depletion
    • Red tide (marine waters): Created by phytoplankton with reddish pigments
      • Common on US east and west coasts, Florida and Gulf of Mexico
    • Dolichospermum: A genus of cyanobacteria commonly found in freshwater phytoplankton
      • May produce microcystins (potent liver toxins and possible human carcinogen)
    • Diatoms: A type of phytoplankton
      • Among the most important microscopic sea organisms acting as food and generating 20-50% of Earth's oxygen
      • One type can be toxic in red tides

    IPCC and Climate Change

    • The 2019 IPCC Special Report linked HABs to climate change
    • Factors such as ocean warming, marine heatwaves, oxygen loss, eutrophication, and pollution contribute to HAB growth (high confidence)

    Human Influence on HABs

    • Warmer water temperatures promote HAB growth
    • Increased CO2 levels in air and water can support rapid algal growth
    • Excessive nutrients from fertilizers, sewage, and agricultural runoff can fuel algal blooms

    Bloom Occurrence and Severity

    • Highest levels of HABs found in Asia and North America
    • Bloom severity is measured by the amount of algal biomass over a 30-day period
    • An severity index (SI) above 5.0 indicates a potentially harmful bloom

    Routes of Exposure

    • Skin contact: Irritation and reactions possible
    • Breathing: Exposure to water droplets/mist can cause difficulties
    • Ingestion: Consumption of contaminated water/food can be hazardous

    Illnesses and Symptoms

    • Touching/Breathing: Can cause irritation to skin, eyes, nose, throat. GI/Respiratory problems or allergic reactions are also possible
    • Ingestion: Can cause GI problems, headaches, neurological symptoms (weakness, dizziness), vomiting, diarrhea, liver damage, fever

    Tribal Uses of Water

    • Native American tribes use water for ceremonies, navigation, food (fish, shellfish), and other cultural practices
    • Water is essential to their cultural and spiritual health

    Phytoplankton in Saltwater

    • Diatoms and dinoflagellates can produce toxins affecting humans and animals
    • Exposure causes respiratory irritation, shortness of breath, and skin/eye irritation.
    • Dangerous to eat seafood containing toxins

    Extreme Heat

    • Normal body temperature ranges from 35.1 °C to 37°C (95.18°F to 98.6°F)
    • Skin temperature can be affected by the environment

    Bodily Mechanisms for Cooling

    • Vasodilation: Blood vessels dilate to transfer heat to the skin
    • Sweating: Excess heat is used to convert sweat to vapor
    • Shivering: Generates heat

    Cultural Acclimatization

    • Various cultures have developed methods to regulate body temperature in extreme heat and cold environments.

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    4HH3 Exam Terms PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on greenhouse gases produced by humans, the factors affecting algal blooms, and the relationship between urbanization and infectious diseases. This quiz will challenge you on various related topics, including exposure routes and mosquito vectors. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of environmental science.

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