Environmental Science Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are macronutrients in soil?

  • Nutrients primarily found in wetland areas.
  • Nutrients needed in larger quantities. (correct)
  • Nutrients required in small quantities.
  • Nutrients that play a minor role in ecosystems.

Which statement about soil texture is correct?

  • Different soil textures can support various biotic factors. (correct)
  • Swampy areas are not considered textured soil.
  • Rocky soils are ideal for all types of organisms.
  • Soil texture does not influence plant growth.

What maintains the balance in an ecosystem?

  • The amount of sunlight received by the ecosystem.
  • The interaction between producers, consumers, and decomposers. (correct)
  • Only the presence of producers.
  • The type of soil mineral composition present.

What does an ecological pyramid illustrate?

<p>The pathways of energy flow and the positions of organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding nutrients in soil?

<p>Micronutrients are essential for the sustainability of the ecosystem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of environmental education in society?

<p>To create environmental awareness and lead to conservation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sphere of the Earth is primarily associated with water?

<p>Hydrosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the lithosphere not include?

<p>Water bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily found in the biosphere?

<p>All living organisms and their interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of sustainability primarily focus on?

<p>Long-term ecological balance and resource use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological processes occur primarily in the lithosphere?

<p>Weathering and erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered a component of the hydrosphere?

<p>Rock formations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone is essential in the development of environmental education?

<p>Establishment of National Parks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of light in plant physiology?

<p>Promotes chlorophyll production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly affects the type of vegetation in different regions?

<p>Amount of sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in light intensity affect temperature in an ecosystem?

<p>It increases temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stomata in plants concerning light?

<p>Control of water evaporation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes short-day plants from long-day plants?

<p>Amount of sun exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of light on animal metabolism?

<p>Affects enzymatic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is light essential for vision in animals?

<p>It is crucial for seeing objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does natural light influence animal pigmentation?

<p>It impacts skin color production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ecosystem fundamentally comprised of?

<p>An interaction between living and non-living components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a scientifically recognized ecosystem?

<p>Solar ecosystem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'energy flow' in the context of ecosystems?

<p>The transfer of energy between living and non-living components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a change in abiotic factors affect living organisms in an ecosystem?

<p>It can change the type and number of organisms present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two components are essential for establishing an ecosystem?

<p>Living and non-living components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

<p>They break down dead organic material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an abiotic component of an ecosystem?

<p>Soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of an ecosystem involve?

<p>An understanding of physical and biological processes and their interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines ecological succession?

<p>The natural process by which different groups of plants colonize an area in an orderly manner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of ecological succession?

<p>A stable ecosystem is eventually established (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of ecological succession?

<p>Habitat destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered an initial cause of ecological succession?

<p>Stable environmental equilibrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a climax community is established?

<p>It maintains equilibrium with the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a biotic factor causing ecological succession?

<p>Overgrazing by livestock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between abiotic and biotic factors in a stable ecosystem?

<p>They interact to establish equilibrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the continuous causes of ecological succession?

<p>They are responsible for changes in population composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the mesosphere in terms of temperature and chemical species?

<p>Temperature decreases to -96 °C with O2+ and NO+ as the prominent species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the temperature in the thermosphere vary?

<p>It increases rapidly from -96 °C to 1200 °C due to solar radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gases are primarily found in the troposphere?

<p>N2, O2, Ar, CO2, H2O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of environmental education established in the second half of the twentieth century?

<p>To create independent courses in Environmental Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the biosphere?

<p>An overlapping region where life exists through interaction of components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what layer of the atmosphere does ozone depletion primarily occur?

<p>Stratosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature range does the stratosphere cover?

<p>-56 °C to -2 °C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs to temperature as you ascend into the thermosphere?

<p>Temperature sharply rises due to solar radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms (biotic) interacting with their non-living environment (abiotic) in a stable way.

What is the theme of an ecosystem?

Energy flow. Ecosystems depend on the transfer of energy between living and non-living components.

Producers

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis, using sunlight.

Consumers

Organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms.

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Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the soil.

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Abiotic factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem, like sunlight, temperature, water, and soil.

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Terrestrial ecosystem

An ecosystem found on land, like a forest, desert, or grassland.

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Aquatic ecosystem

An ecosystem found in water, like a lake, ocean, or river.

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Ozone Hole

A region in the stratosphere where ozone concentration has significantly depleted.

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Mesosphere

Atmospheric layer above the stratosphere, characterized by decreasing temperature and low air density.

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Thermosphere

Uppermost layer of the atmosphere, known for extremely high temperatures due to absorption of solar radiation by ions.

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Biosphere

The life-supporting zone of Earth, encompassing the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.

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Environmental Education

A field of study promoting understanding and awareness of environmental issues and responsible actions.

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Stratosphere

Atmospheric layer above the troposphere, containing the ozone layer which absorbs harmful UV radiation.

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Troposphere

Lowest layer of the atmosphere, where we live and weather occurs.

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What are the prominent chemical species found in the mesosphere?

The prominent chemical species in the mesosphere are O2+ and NO+. These ions do not absorb much solar radiation leading to a decrease in temperature.

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Hydrosphere

Represents all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and even water vapor in the atmosphere.

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What makes life possible on Earth?

The healthy interactions between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components, allowing for a well-defined flow of energy and biogeochemical cycles.

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What are the key components of the lithosphere?

Rocks, soil, sediments, and minerals. They are the building blocks of continents, mountains, valleys, and ocean floors.

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What is the role of the hydrosphere in supporting life?

The hydrosphere provides essential water for all living organisms, regulates climate, and its processes influence the formation of landforms.

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What are some examples of geological processes within the lithosphere?

Weathering & erosion break down rocks, volcanic eruptions create new landforms, and biogeochemical cycles involve the movement of elements through the Earth.

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What are terrestrial ecosystems and where are they located?

Terrestrial ecosystems are land-based ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts. They are found on the lithosphere.

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Photosynthesis

The process plants use to create food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

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Sunlight as an abiotic factor

Sunlight is a non-living component of an ecosystem essential for plant life and, indirectly, all other life forms.

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Light's impact on plant distribution

The amount of sunlight influences the types of plants that can grow in a particular region.

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Light and plant physiology

Sunlight influences how plants function at a cellular level.

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Light and plant temperature

Increased sunlight leads to higher temperatures, affecting plant transpiration and water absorption.

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Stomatal movement in plants

Stomata, tiny pores on leaves, control water loss from a plant. This is affected by light.

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Long-day and short-day plants

Some plants bloom in summer (long days) while others bloom in winter (short days) depending on light exposure.

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Light's impact on animal metabolism

Sunlight affects animal physiology and metabolism by influencing enzyme activity.

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Macronutrients

Nutrients required by plants in large quantities for growth and development.

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Micronutrients

Nutrients required by plants in small quantities, but still essential for growth and development.

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Soil texture

The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in soil, which affects water holding capacity, drainage, and aeration.

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Ecological Pyramid

A graphical representation of the amount of energy or biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

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Sustaining an Ecosystem

For an ecosystem to be healthy, it needs a balance between producers, consumers, and decomposers.

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Ecological Succession

The natural process of gradual change in plant and animal communities over time, leading to a stable climax community.

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Pioneer Species

The first species to colonize a barren habitat, usually hardy and able to survive harsh conditions.

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Climax Community

The final, stable stage of ecological succession, characterized by a balanced ecosystem with diverse species.

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Causes of Ecological Succession

Factors that trigger the changes in species composition over time, leading to succession.

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Initial Causes

Factors that initially disrupt an existing habitat and start the process of succession.

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Climatic Factors

Weather-related events that can cause ecological succession.

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Continuous Causes

Ongoing factors that continue to influence species composition throughout succession.

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Study Notes

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Environmental Science Study Material PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in environmental science including macronutrients in soil, ecosystem balance, and the roles of different Earth spheres. This quiz will challenge your understanding of soil texture, ecological pyramids, and the significance of environmental education in society.

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