Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of 'Biodiversity'?

The variety of living organisms

What is the definition of 'Carrion'?

decaying flesh and tissue of dead animals

What is the definition of 'Community'?

made up of the populations of different species living in a habitat.

What is the definition of 'Competition'?

<p>the negative interaction between two or more organisms which require the same limited resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Consumers'?

<p>feed on other organisms for their energy. Can be primary, secondary or tertiary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Decomposers'?

<p>organisms which feed on dead and decaying organisms. They break down the biomass and release nutrients into the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Deforestation'?

<p>the removal and destruction of trees in forest and woodland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Ecosystem'?

<p>the interaction between the living organisms and the different factors of the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Global warming'?

<p>the increase of the average global temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Habitat'?

<p>where a living organism lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Interdependence'?

<p>the interaction between two or more organisms, where it is mutually beneficial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Predators'?

<p>organisms which kill for food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Prey'?

<p>Prey are the animals that are hunted and consumed by predators. They are an essential part of the food chain and contribute to the overall functioning of ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Scavengers'?

<p>organisms which feed on dead animals (carrion).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Abiotic factors?

<p>The non-living factors of an environment. E.g. moisture, light, temperature, CO2, wind, O2 or pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Adaptations?

<p>specific features of an organism which enable them to survive in the conditions of their habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Food chain?

<p>The source of all energy in a food chain is the sun's radiation. It is made useful by plants and algae which produce organic compounds through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Structural adaptations?

<p>features of the organism's body e.g. colour for camouflage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Behavioural adaptations?

<p>how the organism behaves e.g. migration to a warmer climate during colder seasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Functional adaptations?

<p>the ways the physiological processes work in the organism e.g. lower metabolism during hibernation to preserve energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Competition?

<p>Species will compete with one another and also within their own species to survive and to reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Mutualism?

<p>occurs when both species benefit from a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Parasitism?

<p>occurs when a parasite only benefits from living on the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Deforsestations and Land Use?

<p>Humans use land for buildings, quarrying, mining, agriculture and landfill. As the human population increases and we take more land, there is less space for other organisms to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Peat bogs produced?

<p>when decomposition occurs over a very long time. Peat stores a lot of carbon and can be extracted for use as fuel/</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of burning Peat?

<p>it releases a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biodiversity

The variety of living organisms in a particular area.

Carrion

Decaying flesh of dead animals.

Community

All the populations of different species in a habitat.

Competition

When organisms fight for limited resources.

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Consumers

Organisms that eat other organisms for energy.

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Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead organisms.

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Deforestation

Cutting down trees in a forest.

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Ecosystem

The interaction between living and non-living things in an area.

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Global warming

Increase in Earth's average temperature.

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Habitat

The place where an organism lives.

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Interdependence

Organisms depending on each other for survival.

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Population

All the organisms of one species in a habitat.

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Predators

Animals that hunt and kill other animals for food.

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Prey

Animals that are hunted and eaten by predators.

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Producers

Organisms that make their own food using sunlight.

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Scavengers

Organisms that eat dead animals.

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Species

Organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring.

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Abiotic factors

Non-living factors in an environment.

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Biotic factors

Living factors in an environment.

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Structural adaptations

Physical features of an organism to survive.

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Behavioral adaptations

How an organism acts to survive.

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Functional adaptations

How an organism's body works to survive.

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Food Chain

Transfer of energy between organisms.

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Mutualism

Both species benefit from a relationship.

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Parasitism

One species benefits, the other is harmed.

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Study Notes

Keywords

  • Biodiversity - the variety of living organisms
  • Carrion - decaying flesh and tissue of dead animals
  • Community - made up of different species living in a habitat
  • Competition - the negative interaction between two or more organisms needing the same resource
  • Consumers - feed on other organisms for energy (primary, secondary, or tertiary)
  • Decomposers - organisms that feed on dead organisms, breaking down biomass and releasing nutrients
  • Deforestation - removal and destruction of trees in a forest or woodland
  • Ecosystem - the interaction between living organisms and their environment
  • Global warming - the increase in average global temperature
  • Habitat - where a living organism lives
  • Interdependence - the interaction between organisms, where it is mutually beneficial
  • Population - the number of individual organisms of a species in a habitat
  • Predators - organisms that kill for food
  • Prey - animals eaten by predators
  • Producers - organisms that convert the sun's energy into useful compounds through photosynthesis (plants or algae)
  • Scavengers - organisms that feed on dead animals (carrion)
  • Species - organisms of similar morphology that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Abiotic and Biotic Factors

  • Abiotic factors - non-living factors in an environment (moisture, light, temperature, CO₂, wind, O₂ or pH)
  • Biotic factors - living factors in an environment (predators, competition, pathogens, availability of food)
  • Adaptations - specific features of an organism enabling survival in its habitat (structural, behavioural, functional)
    • Structural adaptations - physical features (e.g., colour for camouflage)
    • Behavioural adaptations - how an organism behaves (e.g., migration)
    • Functional adaptations - how physiological processes work (e.g., lower metabolism during hibernation)
    • Adaptations are not developed during a single lifetime, but rather are variations within a species, with advantageous features being passed on to offspring via natural selection.

Food Chains

  • The sun is the source of all energy in a food chain
  • Plants and algae use sunlight for photosynthesis producing organic compounds
  • Living organisms use energy to produce biomass and grow
  • When a living thing is eaten, some energy is transferred, but some is lost.
  • Arrows in food chains indicate energy flow.
  • Predator and prey populations fluctuate cyclically.
  • Overall, a stable community demonstrates a balanced ecosystem.

Competition

  • Species compete with one another for survival and reproduction
  • Plants compete for resources like light, water, space, and minerals to help photosynthesis.
  • Animals compete for food, water, space, and mates
  • Intraspecific competition is competition within a species.
  • Interspecific competition is competition between different species.

Mutualism, Parasitism, and other Interactions

  • Mutualism - both species benefit from a relationship
  • Parasitism - one species benefits, but the other is harmed.
  • Competition - both species are harmed as they both need the same limited resources
  • Animals compete for resources like food, water, and space/shelter.

Deforestation and Land Use

  • Humans use land for buildings, quarrying, mining, agriculture, and landfill
  • Deforestation destroys habitats
  • Peat bogs store carbon and release it during destruction.
  • Burning peat and trees release carbon dioxide, contributing to the greenhouse effect
  • Reduced tree cover lessens carbon dioxide removal through photosynthesis.
  • Global warming can lead to changes to the ecosystem and reduce biodiversity.

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Description

Explore the intricate relationships within ecosystems through this quiz on biodiversity. Understand key concepts such as competition, interdependence, and the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Test your knowledge on the impact of deforestation and global warming on living organisms and their habitats.

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