Environmental Science Overview

1. Screening for floating rubbish 2) Ozone disinfection 3) Flocculation/coagulation 4) Rapid gravity sand filters 5) Main ozone pumps 6) Fluoridation 7) Carbon granules 8) Passes through microstrainers 9) Chloride disinfection 10) Corrosion control

Pure water contains only H2O molecules, while drinking water may contain other compounds like fluorides.

<p>Cobalt chloride paper goes from blue to pink and anhydrous copper sulfate crystals go from white to blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oxidation catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide or oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The catalysts used are made from expensive materials like platinum, rhodium, and palladium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refrigerators and aerosols - 13%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilizers use and fossil fuel combustion - 6%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic decay of organic substances - 18%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossil fuel combustion and decay of biomass - 56%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earth can temporarily trap infrared radiation more efficiently, leading to a rise in Earth's temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential for plants and growth of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>78%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrate ions in the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decaying organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denitrifying bacteria in the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those in a fixed quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those that can be replenished naturally</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can be renewed but may be consumed faster than replenished</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greenhouse gas effect from methane, CO2, CFCs, and nitrous oxides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glaciers and icecaps melt, flooding from rise of sea levels, surface temperature increase causing lack of water, severe weather and climate changes, and agriculture impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-50 km.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6000 km.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metal ores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrete, buildings and roads, steel production, whitens paper, neutralizes acid soils and lakes, and making glass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium carbonate goes to lime after being heated, then slaked lime forms with added water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar energy, hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal energy, wind power, wave power, tidal barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No greenhouse gas emission when burnt, high yield of energy, but difficult to store and transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolysis of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a fuel cell, where hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High yield of energy, more efficient, no greenhouse gas emissions, non-toxic, lower flammability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonrenewable if generated with fossil fuel, large fuel tank required, and engine redesign needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Litter, radioactive waste when buried, and improper landfill practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Land wasted, habitat destroyed, methane production through decay, and greenhouse gas emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed volume, high density, has a definite shape, doesn't flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed volume, moderate density, takes the shape of its container, flows easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No fixed volume, low density, no definite shape, flows easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turning directly from a gas to a solid or vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces sharpness of boiling or melting point, changes state over a range of temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking bonds between atoms that are difficult to reverse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves moving, separating, and mixing molecules but individual molecules don't change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a difference in property like density or size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrifugation or filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separating funnel or decantation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation or crystallization for the solid, distillation for the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fractional distillation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a separating funnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixture spun at high speed in a centrifuge until solid is deposited at the bottom - the liquid is then decanted off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat in an evaporating dish, mix with a rod, and remove from heat once crystals form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the solvent is flammable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compounds like ammonium chloride can be separated from mixtures because it sublimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use pencil for origin, separate according to solubility, measure distance moved to calculate Rf value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rf value = distance moved by a substance/distance moved by solvent front.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the purity of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure substances made from two or more elements chemically combined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than one substance present; which may be in different physical states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances only mixed not chemically joined, composition can be varied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances chemically joined together with a fixed composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All matter is made up of very small particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles are moving all the time, with increased temperature leading to more energy and movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedom of movement and the arrangement of the particles is different in the three states of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles arranged irregularly, spread far apart, move randomly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles closely packed, irregular arrangement, able to move past each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles arranged close in a regular arrangement, unable to move freely but vibrate in position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature increase causes particles to gain kinetic energy and expand, breaking intermolecular forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a liquid, some particles escape the surface at all temperatures, with rising temperature increasing chances of escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers