Environmental Science and Economic Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of these practices is considered a mitigation strategy for climate change?

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle (correct)

Adaptation

Perceived obsolescence

Planned obsolescence

What is the primary benefit of reducing consumption in a sustainable lifestyle?

It contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. (correct)

It encourages the use of reusable products.

It promotes recycling of materials.

It helps create a zero-waste lifestyle.

What is the main focus of a zero-waste lifestyle?

Reusing and recycling all materials.

Avoiding the use of plastic products.

Minimizing the amount of waste sent to landfills. (correct)

Utilizing only biodegradable materials.

What is the primary measurement tool for assessing an individual's environmental impact?

Ecological footprint (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of 'planned obsolescence' in manufacturing?

To stimulate consumer demand for new products (C) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of industry would a software developer work in?

Quaternary (C) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of job would a farmer be classified as?

Basic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What economic factor is characterized by the positive impact of a sector of the economy negatively influencing other sectors?

Dutch disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a locational manufacturing factor?

Access to freshwater (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Transformative (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'protectionism' refer to?

The use of tariffs to protect domestic industries (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these would be considered a basic job?

A software developer exporting programs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the multiplier effect describe?

The cyclical growth in economic activity due to initial spending (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences population growth rate?

Greenbelt size (B) Signup and view all the answers

In countries that are in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model, what is the primary characteristic of their population growth?

Slow decline in population (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that would act as a 'push' factor leading to emigration?

Access to healthcare (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program?

To fill labor shortages on a temporary basis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of population pyramid would a country with a high birth rate and a high death rate have?

Expansive (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating population density?

Total population / Total area (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a country has a natural increase rate of 1.5% and a net migration rate of 0.5%, what is its population growth rate?

2.0% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an immigrant and a refugee?

Immigrants are seeking economic opportunities, while refugees are fleeing persecution. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of investing in education according to the content?

To expand access to tech and innovation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is required from students regarding calculators during the exam?

They must provide their own calculator. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What criteria must be demonstrated for the extended answer section of the exam?

Three distinct arguments supported by examples (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the exam will students match terms with their definitions?

Part B (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the expectations regarding the organization of the extended answer paragraphs?

Use of a suitable closing sentence (B) Signup and view all the answers

How much time is allocated for Part C of the exam?

15 minutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is population density calculated?

Total Population / Total Land Area (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the birth rate measure?

<h1>of births per total population x1000 (A)</h1> Signup and view all the answers

What does the exam format require students to complete on a SCANTRON card?

Parts A, B, C, and D (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) does the birth rate start to decline?

Stage 3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of urban sprawl?

Unplanned, spread-out development (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas represents the calculation for natural increase?

Birth rate - Death rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can urban sprawl negatively impact human systems?

Increased traffic and commute times (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate population growth rate?

(Natural Increase + Net Migration) / 1000 x 100 (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is doubling time calculated?

70 / Population Growth Rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary challenges of living in a high-density location?

Traffic congestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does New Urbanism aim to influence urban areas?

By encouraging mixed-use developments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a reward of living in a high-density urban area?

Efficient public transportation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What approach does Smart Growth take to urban development?

Invests in public transportation to limit reliance on cars (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strategy for accommodating population growth in cities?

Creating high-density housing solutions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy can cities use to link agriculture to urban design?

Integrate urban agriculture into city designs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of population growth on urban planning?

Increased demand for efficient public transportation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which consequence is linked to urban sprawl as identified in the context?

Increased greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Climate Calculations

To calculate total yearly precipitation, add the precipitation for each month.
To calculate average annual temperature, sum all monthly temperatures and divide by 12.
To find the temperature range, subtract the lowest temperature from the highest temperature.
To determine the snowfall equivalent, multiply the total precipitation for months with temperatures of 0°C or below by 10.
To analyze seasonal precipitation distribution, separate "winter" (January, February, March, October, November, December) and "summer" (April, May, June, July, August, September) precipitation totals.
To determine growing season length, count the days for each month with a temperature of 6°C or above, and sum those days.

Determining Climate Types

Maritime Climate:
- Temperature range below 25°C.
- Total precipitation above 1000 mm.
- Winter precipitation higher than summer precipitation.
Continental Climate:
- Temperature range above 25°C.
- Total precipitation below 1000mm.
- Summer precipitation higher than winter precipitation.

Structure of the Earth

Lithosphere (Crust): The rigid outer layer of the Earth.
Mesosphere (Mantle): Layer between the crust and core, solid rock that flows slowly.
Centrosphere (Core): Innermost layer, comprised of iron and nickel.

Tectonic Plates Theory

Plate tectonics explains the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates.
Convection currents in the Earth's core cause plate movement.
Continental drift describes the movement of continents over time.
Pangaea was a supercontinent where all continents were joined.
Transform: Plates slide past each other.
Divergence: Plates move apart.
Convergence: Plates move towards each other.
Folding: Bending of rock layers.
Faulting: Fracturing of rock layers.
Subduction: One plate going under another (creates volcanoes and earthquakes).

Glaciation and Landforms

Glaciation is the process of ice sheet formation and expansion.
Alpine glaciers are in mountains.
Continental glaciers cover large portions of continents.
Weathering breaks down rocks.
Erosion removes soil and rock.
Deposition places sediment in a new location.
Drumlins are glacial-shaped mountains.
Moraines are ridges of sediment.
Cirques are bowl-shaped mountain valleys.
Till plains are fertile, flat lands made by glaciers.
Erratics are large rocks moved by glaciers.
Kettle lakes are holes filled with water by melting glaciers.
Striations are scratches on rock caused by glaciers.

The Rock Cycle

Processes of cooling, heating, erosion, weathering, and deposition form the rock cycle.
Shows how magma cools to form igneous rock.
Igneous rock can change to metamorphic rock with heat and pressure.
Metamorphic rock can form sedimentary rock when weathered and deposited.
Sedimentary rock can change back to magma when it is heated and compressed.

Landform Regions

Innuitian Mountains: A mountain range in Canada's Arctic territories.
Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands: A series of islands in Canada.
Western Cordillera: Includes Rocky Mountains, Columbia Mountains, Interior Plateau, and Coast Mountains.
Interior Plains: Area between mountain ranges, excellent farmland (e.g., Okanagan Valley).

Factors Influencing Climate (LOWERN)

Latitude: Places near the equator are warmer; places near the poles are colder.
Ocean Currents: Warm currents warm nearby land; cold currents cool nearby land.
Wind/Air Masses: Wind patterns and air masses transport moisture and temperature.
Elevation: Higher elevations are colder.
Relief Rainfall: Windward side of mountains receives more rainfall than leeward side.

Sustainable Resource Management

Intensive farming: Small areas of land with high labor and is located near urban centers.
Extensive farming: Large areas of land with low labor and products are exported.
Sustainable agriculture: Natural resources used in farming without damaging the environment.
Vertical farming, crop rotation, and organic farming are examples of sustainable agriculture.
Forestry and logging methods such as clear-cutting, shelterwood, and selective cutting exist.

Fishing, Threats, and Sustainable Development

Overfishing: Catching fish faster than they can reproduce.
By-catch: Unintentional capture and killing of other marine life.
Aquaculture: Breeding and raising fish for consumption.
Shark finning: Removing and discarding shark fins, harming shark populations.
Fossil fuel: Natural energy from ancient plants and animals.

Water Sustainability

Aquifer: Underground layer of water-bearing rock that stores groundwater.
Aquifers are vital sources of fresh water.

Urban Growth and Sustainability

High-density, medium-density, and low-density are different types of urban areas.
Livability includes walkable neighborhoods, access to green spaces, and short commute times.
Sustainability includes renewable energy use, preserving natural environments, and minimizing transportation impacts.

Human and Global Connections

Population pyramids show population age structure.
Expansive pyramids exhibit high birth rates, low life expectancies.
Stable growth pyramids have relatively even ages groups in the population.
Declining pyramids indicate low birth rates, high life spans.

Global Connections

Developed countries have strong economies, advanced infrastructure, high standards of living, and diversified industries.
Developing countries rely on agriculture, have lower incomes, and limited access to healthcare and education.
Newly industrializing countries experience rapid industrial growth, improve infrastructure, and focus on exports.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on climate change mitigation strategies, sustainable lifestyles, and key economic concepts. This quiz covers various topics including zero-waste lifestyles, demographics, and manufacturing factors. Perfect for students in environmental science or economics courses.