Environmental Analytics: Landfills and Pollutions
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Questions and Answers

What are surface liners made of?

soil with mineral drainage, plastic layer, mineral layer

Ground liners in landfills include mineral drainage, plastic layer, and ________.

mineral layer

What is a common method used for reducing bioactivity in landfill gases?

  • Inertisation (correct)
  • Collection
  • Stabilization
  • Evapotranspiration

    • Landfills can emit greenhouse gases like methane, contributing to global warming.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average amount of microplastics that the average person eats each year?

    <p>70,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activities were taken against pollution according to the provided content?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, in soils, there could be up to 20 times more microplastic than in the ___.

    <p>sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following learning targets with their descriptions:

    <p>Types of landfills = Different types of landfills such as sanitary landfills Worldwide use of plastics = Understanding the global use of plastic materials Global plastic waste = Information on the amount of plastic waste globally Sources for plastic waste/microplastic in oceans = Identifying where plastic waste and microplastics come from in the oceans Sources of plastic waste/microplastic in soil = Understanding the origins of plastic waste and microplastics in soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a landfill site also known as?

    <p>tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, dumping ground, midden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are basic methods of garbage disposal? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Burial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Landfill is the oldest form of waste treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landfill in Jakarta is known as one of the biggest in Asia? Bantar Gebang ___.

    <p>Landfill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the dump categories with their descriptions:

    <p>Dump Category 0 (Deponieklasse DK 0) = Inert waste like ceramics, glass, construction waste, and plastic that cannot be treated otherwise Dump Category I (Deponieklasse DK I) = Inert waste with some contaminations like incineration ash Dump Category II (Deponieklasse DK II) = Inert waste including a small amount of organic waste like household waste Dump Category III (Deponieklasse DK III) = Hazardous waste like chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Landfills

    • Definition: A site for disposing of waste materials by burial, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground.
    • Oldest form of waste treatment.

    History of Landfills

    • Stone Age: Waste was sometimes disposed of in clay pits, containing household waste like bones, leather scraps, and leftover food, all biodegradable.
    • Antiquity: Landfills existed in front of city gates, containing construction waste, and Monte Testaccio (one of the 7 hills of Rome) had a "garbage dump of antiquity" with shards of amphorae from wine and oil trade, around 2000 years old.

    Problematic Landfills

    • Global solid waste management: About 2 billion tonnes of solid waste are generated per year, with non-official waste management practices.
    • Bantar Gebang Landfill in Jakarta (Indonesia): One of the biggest landfills in Asia, with around 6,000 people living there, and over 6,000 tonnes of waste arriving daily.
    • Jardim Gramacho Landfill in Brazil: A source of income for 13,000 people, but was closed in 2011 due to environmental risks.
    • Agbogbloshi in Ghana: The biggest landfill in Africa, with major environmental and health concerns.

    Landfill Legislation in Germany

    • Sanitary landfills: About 2 billion tonnes of solid waste are generated per year, with EU waste legislation in place.
    • Legislation hierarchy: EU legislation, federal legislation, federal state legislation, and municipal legislation.
    • Laws for waste management: Kreislaufwirtschafts-/Abfallgesetz (Krw-/AbfG), Deponierichtlinie (EG-Richtlinie), Deponieverordnung (DepV), and more.
    • Waste hierarchy: Prevention, reuse, recycling, other recovery, and disposal.

    Sanitary Landfill Organisation in Germany

    • Time periods of landfills: Construction, operating, and after-care phases, with controlling and maintenance.
    • Site selection: Special type of soil, ground water situation, and more.
    • Construction: 1.5 m clay, 2.5 mm polyethylen liner, leachate collection system, degassing systems, and more.
    • Quality control and control tunnel.

    Landfill Mining

    • No information provided.

    Microplastics

    • No information provided.### Landfills
    • In Germany, there are over 1200 landfills, with an estimated 83 million tons of iron and 10 million tons of copper and aluminum buried in them.

    Materials in Landfills

    • The content of landfills includes metals, such as iron, copper, and aluminum.

    Microplastics

    • Microplastics are plastic particles that are smaller than 5 mm.
    • Primary microplastics are small plastic particles used in products like cosmetics and cleaning agents.
    • Secondary microplastics come from the breakdown of larger plastic items.

    Global Plastic Waste

    • In 2015, the total amount of plastic waste was approximately 4.9 billion tons.
    • The lifetime of plastic products varies, with some taking hundreds of years to decompose.
    • Plastic waste treatment in Germany includes mechanical, chemical, and incineration methods.
    • In 2015, approximately 1,000 tons of plastic waste were treated in Germany.

    Plastic Waste in Oceans

    • Plastic waste in oceans is a major environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering the oceans every year.
    • Plastic waste in oceans comes from various sources, including rivers, coastal populations, and mismanagement of plastic waste.
    • "Plastic islands" are large amounts of plastic waste that have accumulated in oceans.
    • Marine life is heavily affected by plastic pollution, with many species ingesting plastic waste.

    Microplastic in Soil

    • Scientists warn that there is up to 20 times more microplastic in soil than in the sea.
    • Microplastic in soil comes from various sources, including abrasion of car tires, losses in waste disposal, and plastic in organic waste.
    • The food chain is affected by microplastic in soil, which can lead to human consumption of microplastic.

    Dissipative Use of Plastics

    • Microplastics from car wheels, cosmetics, and other sources contribute to plastic pollution.

    Degeneration of Soil Quality

    • Impacts of microplastics on the soil biophysical environment are a growing concern.

    Microplastic in Humans

    • The average person consumes approximately 70,000 microplastics each year, which is a potential health concern.

    Activities Against Pollution

    • In 2017, nearly 200 countries signed a U.N. resolution to stop plastic pollution in the sea.
    • Rwanda is plastic-bag-free since 2008, and France has banned single-use plastics.

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    Description

    Quiz on environmental analytics, focusing on landfills and pollution. Based on the concept of chemistry and environmental studies.

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