Enterprise Systems and TOGAF ADM Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which component is NOT part of the Analytical Layer?

  • Dashboards
  • Predictive Analytics
  • Business Intelligence tools
  • Workflow Engines (correct)

Which fallacy suggests that the network will always function without failures?

  • Latency is zero
  • The network is reliable (correct)
  • The network is secure
  • Transport cost is zero

What type of dashboard provides distinct views for different roles in a system?

  • Static dashboard
  • Interactive dashboard
  • Executive dashboard
  • Role-based dashboard (correct)

In the context of distributed computing, which fallacy states that all network components are the same?

<p>The network is homogeneous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of iterating the architecture?

<p>Allows the architecture to adapt to changing conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of Moller's framework is foundational for enterprise operations?

<p>Foundation Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phases does ongoing adjustments occur as per the architectural framework?

<p>Phases E and F (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary component of the Foundation Layer in Moller's framework?

<p>ERP II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is revisiting previous phases important in the architectural process?

<p>To adapt to new constraints or opportunities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ensures seamless communication between different systems in Moller's framework?

<p>Middleware (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between business goals and architecture in the iterative process?

<p>Architecture needs to be continuously refined to meet evolving business goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Persistence Layer in a layered architecture?

<p>To manage data storage and retrieval. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of operational architecture ensures the system remains operational during disruptions?

<p>Continuity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for implementing business rules and workflows in a layered architecture?

<p>Business Layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cohesion is characterized by the output of one element serving as the input for the next?

<p>Sequential Cohesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a system's performance characteristic?

<p>The efficiency with which tasks are performed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a layered architecture, which layer communicates with the business layer only?

<p>Presentation Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the reliability/safety characteristic of operational architecture ensure?

<p>The system performs consistently without failure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer provides the actual data storage system in a layered architecture?

<p>Database Layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is poorly supported by Microservices Architecture?

<p>Performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Microservices Architecture, what does the term 'granularity' refer to?

<p>How small or large a service should be (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of caching is best for read-heavy operations in Space-Based Architecture?

<p>Replicated Caching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Pipeline Architecture primarily facilitate?

<p>Loading data into a data warehouse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Enterprise Systems Integration?

<p>Middleware is used for smooth communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element belongs to Moller’s Conceptual Framework?

<p>ERP I addresses internal integration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does Broker Topology in Event-Driven Architecture provide?

<p>Decoupled communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Supply Chain and Information Systems enhance logistics?

<p>By providing real-time tracking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a message broker in the broker topology of event-driven architecture?

<p>To mediate communication between event producers and consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cohesion is characterized by elements being grouped randomly without a meaningful relationship?

<p>Coincidental Cohesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of lower coupling in a software system?

<p>Minimal impact of changes in one module on others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cohesion occurs when elements are grouped because they perform related tasks based on control logic?

<p>Logical Cohesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cohesion is the least desirable and can lead to poorly organized modules?

<p>Coincidental Cohesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes procedural cohesion in a software module?

<p>Elements follow a sequence of operations that must occur in order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of higher cohesion contributes positively to software design?

<p>Improves maintainability and readability of code (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines 'temporal cohesion' in software module design?

<p>Elements execute during the same timeframe or phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does robustness refer to in the context of a system?

<p>The system's strength in maintaining performance under unexpected conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the TOGAF ADM focuses on defining business strategy and governance?

<p>Phase B: Business Architecture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the iterative process in ADM benefit the overall architecture development?

<p>It allows for refining work from previous phases and reducing risks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main problem that enterprise architecture aims to solve?

<p>Business and IT misalignment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scalability in a system refer to?

<p>The ability to handle growth by adding resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a weakness of layered architecture?

<p>Risk of performance overhead (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of enterprise architecture, what are conceptual artifacts?

<p>High-level views such as strategies and goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strength of layered architecture in software design?

<p>Promotes separation of concerns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Workflow Engines

A software tool or platform that streamlines and oversees business procedures by automating tasks and tracking their progress.

Predictive Analytics

A system that utilizes statistical models and algorithms to predict future trends and patterns based on historical data.

Analytical Layer

The process of converting data from the Process Layer into meaningful insights and visualizations through tools like dashboards and reports.

Pipeline Architectural Style

A software design pattern in which data is processed through a series of independent components called 'filters,' each responsible for a specific transformation.

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The Network is Reliable Fallacy

A common misconception in distributed systems that assumes the network will always be reliable and available without any interruptions or failures.

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Sequential Cohesion

The output of one element in a module becomes the input for the next element.

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Functional Cohesion

All elements within a module work together to achieve a single, well-defined purpose.

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Presentation Layer

Manages the user interface and interaction.

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Business Layer

Implements business rules and workflows.

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Persistence Layer

Manages data storage and retrieval.

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Availability

The system's ability to remain operational and accessible when needed.

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Continuity

Ensuring the system can continue functioning despite disruptions or failures.

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Recoverability

The system's capability to recover and resume operations after failures or disasters.

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Layered Architecture

A software design pattern where a system is divided into layers, each responsible for a specific set of tasks.

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Message broker

A central component in event-driven architectures that acts as an intermediary between event producers and consumers, facilitating communication and message exchange.

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Robustness

The ability of a system to continue working even when faced with unexpected or difficult situations.

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Broker topology

A design pattern for event-driven architectures where a central message broker manages communication between event producers and consumers.

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Dynamic Viewpoint

A method for managing requirements throughout the architecture development life cycle, recognizing that requirements can evolve over time.

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Coupling

The degree to which different software modules or components depend on each other. Lower coupling is generally desirable as it reduces the impact of changes in one module on others.

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Enterprise Architecture

The systematic approach to creating a holistic blueprint for an organization's IT infrastructure, aligning IT with business goals.

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Cohesion

The degree to which elements within a single software module work together as a cohesive unit. Higher cohesion is desirable as it improves maintainability and readability.

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TOGAF ADM Phases

The set of phases in the TOGAF framework that guides the development of an enterprise architecture, focusing on different levels of detail.

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Coincidental Cohesion

The elements within a module are grouped randomly with no meaningful relationship. This is the least desirable type of cohesion.

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Iteration in ADM

The process of revisiting and improving work from previous phases in the TOGAF ADM framework.

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Conceptual Artifact

A type of enterprise architecture artifact that provides high-level perspectives, such as strategies and goals.

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Logical Cohesion

The elements within a module perform similar or related tasks, but their selection is determined by control logic.

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Temporal Cohesion

The elements within a module are grouped because they execute during the same time frame or phase, often for initialization or setup.

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Procedural Cohesion

The elements within a module are grouped to perform a sequence of operations that follow a specific order.

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Iteration in Architecture

The process involves revisiting and refining the architecture throughout its development lifecycle, accommodating evolving business needs and technological changes.

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Refinement Within Phases

Each phase of the architecture development allows for refinement, ensuring that the design remains optimal and aligned with evolving requirements.

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Revisiting Previous Phases

If new information emerges or changes are needed, earlier phases may be revisited to revise the architecture, ensuring a comprehensive and up-to-date design.

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Iteration in Transition Planning

The transition planning phases (E and F) involve continuous adjustments to ensure that the implementation roadmap aligns with the latest insights and feasibility considerations.

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Foundation Layer

The foundation layer of Moller's framework, providing core enterprise systems and infrastructure essential for operations.

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ERP I & ERP II Systems

Systems like ERP I and ERP II are core components, integrating business functions such as finance, HR, and procurement. ERP II expands integration to external entities.

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Middleware

Middleware facilitates seamless communication between different systems, ensuring data flows smoothly.

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Foundation Layer Data Source

The foundation layer provides real-time operational data to the upper layers, enabling them to make informed decisions.

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Microservices Architecture

A system made up of independent, small, deployable services. Each service is responsible for a specific function and communicates with others loosely.

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Granularity (Microservices)

The size of a service in a microservices architecture, balancing flexibility and complexity.

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Bounded Context (Microservices)

Each service in a microservices architecture operates within its own domain with minimal dependencies on others.

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Space-Based Architecture

A decentralized architecture using in-memory data grids for scalability. Data is continuously moved between systems for optimized performance.

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Pipeline Architecture

A design pattern that breaks down processes into sequential stages connected by data streams, similar to a pipeline.

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Enterprise Systems Integration

Integrating different systems and databases across an organization, including internal and external resources.

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Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)

Systems that manage shop floor operations, directly overseeing production processes and equipment.

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Broker Topology (EDA)

A distributed messaging system where messages are routed between producers and consumers via a central broker.

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Study Notes

Enterprise Study Summary

  • A study of enterprises details the Moller's framework, which categorizes enterprise systems into distinct layers. These layers include foundation, process, analytical, and portal layers. Each layer has a specific function, with the foundation layer handling core systems, the process layer automating workflows, the analytical layer focusing on data analysis, and the portal layer providing a user interface.

TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM)

  • The TOGAF method is a cyclical approach to enterprise architecture development. The ADM has multiple phases structured to ensure consistent development.

ADM Phases

  • The preliminary phase prepares the organization by defining governance, tools, and principles for architecture development.
  • The architecture vision phase defines overarching goals, scope, and high-level architecture.
  • The business architecture phase focuses on business structure, processes, and functions.
  • The information systems architecture phase defines data and application architectures.
  • The technology architecture phase establishes required technology infrastructure.
  • The opportunities and solutions phase identifies solutions to risks and gaps.
  • The migration planning phase creates a roadmap for transitioning to new architecture.
  • The implementation governance phase ensures implementation aligns with the vision and standards.
  • Architecture change management addresses changes in the business environment throughout the cycle. Requirements management is a key, continuous process throughout the ADM cycle, ensuring business and technical needs are captured and refined as the architecture develops. Requirements evolve and are handled iteratively throughout the cycle to keep the approach flexible to changing needs.

Architectural Styles

  • Layered Architecture: Separates system functionality into distinct layers with specific responsibilities.
  • Microservices Architecture: A system composed of small, independent, and deployable services.
  • Space-Based Architecture: Decentralized architecture using in-memory data grids for scalability.
  • Pipeline Architecture: Breaks processes into sequential stages connected by data streams.

Architectural Design for Phases B, C, D

  • Phase B (Business Architecture): Defines business processes, strategies, goals, and objectives for alignment with architecture.
  • Phase C (Information Systems Architecture): Defining data and application architectures based on business requirements.
  • Phase D (Technology Architecture): Outlines technology infrastucture for implementation of solutions defined in Phase C.

Moller's Framework Components

  • ERP I (Internal): Provides internal integration for functions like finance, human resources, and procurement.
  • ERP II (External): Handles external integration with partners and other entities.
  • Enterprise Systems (ES): Integrate business functions across the organization.
  • Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES): Manage shop-floor operations.
  • Production Control Systems: Control equipment-level processes and operations.
  • Supply Chain Systems: Streamline logistics, communication, and demand forecasting.

Event Driven Architecture (EDA)

  • EDA (Broker Topology): A design pattern where messages are routed between producers and consumers via a Broker.
  • Use Cases: Handles subscriptions, dispatches events, data loss prevention, and real-time manufacturing metrics in EDA.

Fallacies in Distributed Computing

  • Relating to the perceived reliability, bandwidth, and security of distributed networks, often unrealistic when deployed.

Big Data and Data Architectures

  • Maier's Big Data Reference Architecture: Comprises components like Data Ingestion, Storage, Processing, and Visualization to handle large, complex datasets.
  • Data Mesh Architecture: Decentralized design empowering domain ownership of data products to improve data sharing and scalability.

Software Design Principles

  • Coupling: The degree of dependency between modules. Low coupling is preferred for flexibility.
  • Cohesion: The degree of relatedness within a module. High cohesion is preferred.

Operational Architectural Characteristics

  • Performance: System speed and responsiveness
  • Scalability: Ability to handle growth.
  • Security: Protecting data and system resources.
  • Availability: Ensuring system accessibility.
  • Maintainability: The ease of modifying and updating the system.

Microservices Architecture (Example)

  • Breakdown of a complex application into smaller, focused, modular components for easier development and maintenance..

Additional Points

  • TOGAF methodology prioritizes iterative refinement throughout the process.
  • Enterprise architecture aims to align business and IT goals.
  • Key artifacts (conceptual and operational) are crucial to describe a system clearly and concisely.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of the Moller's framework for enterprise systems, detailing its distinct layers including foundation, process, analytical, and portal layers. It also explores the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM), highlighting its cyclical approach and various phases, from preliminary to business architecture.

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