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Questions and Answers
Which type of E. coli is responsible for causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the primary mechanism by which E. coli causes diarrhea?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of E. coli-induced gastroenteritis?
What is the primary treatment for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) caused by E. coli?
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What is the primary way to prevent transmission of E. coli?
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What is the primary function of fimbriae and adhesins in E. coli?
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Study Notes
Enterobacteriaceae: Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)
Overview
- E. coli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.
- It is a normal flora of the human gut, but can also be a opportunistic pathogen.
Types of E. Coli
- Commensal E. coli: Harmless, non-pathogenic strains that inhabit the gut.
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Pathogenic E. coli: Strains that cause disease, including:
- Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC): Causes urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC): Causes diarrhea and gastroenteritis.
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC): Causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
Pathogenesis
- Adherence to host cells via fimbriae and adhesins.
- Production of toxins, such as:
- Shiga toxin: Causes HUS.
- Heat-labile toxin: Causes diarrhea.
- Heat-stable toxin: Causes diarrhea.
Clinical Features
- UTIs: Symptoms include dysuria, frequency, and urgency.
- Gastroenteritis: Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.
- Hemorrhagic colitis: Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
- HUS: Symptoms include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure.
Treatment and Prevention
- Antibiotics: Used to treat UTIs and gastroenteritis.
- Fluid replacement: Used to treat dehydration.
- Supportive care: Used to treat HUS.
- Hand hygiene: Important for preventing transmission.
- Proper food handling: Important for preventing foodborne transmission.
Enterobacteriaceae: Escherichia Coli (E.Coli)
Characteristics
- Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family
- Normal flora of the human gut, but can be an opportunistic pathogen
Types of E.Coli
- Commensal E.coli: Harmless, non-pathogenic strains that inhabit the gut
- Pathogenic E.coli:
- Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC): Causes urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC): Causes diarrhea and gastroenteritis
- Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC): Causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Pathogenesis
- Adherence to host cells via fimbriae and adhesins
- Production of toxins:
- Shiga toxin: Causes HUS
- Heat-labile toxin: Causes diarrhea
- Heat-stable toxin: Causes diarrhea
Clinical Features
- UTIs: Dysuria, frequency, and urgency
- Gastroenteritis: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting
- Hemorrhagic colitis: Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting
- HUS: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure
Treatment and Prevention
- Antibiotics: Used to treat UTIs and gastroenteritis
- Fluid replacement: Used to treat dehydration
- Supportive care: Used to treat HUS
- Hand hygiene: Important for preventing transmission
- Proper food handling: Important for preventing foodborne transmission
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Description
Learn about Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium that is a normal flora of the human gut but can also be an opportunistic pathogen. Explore the different types of E. coli, including commensal and pathogenic strains.
