Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of self-observation by the learner?
What is the primary focus of self-observation by the learner?
Which type of observation involves actively participating in the activities of the research participants?
Which type of observation involves actively participating in the activities of the research participants?
What is the primary advantage of the experimental method in research?
What is the primary advantage of the experimental method in research?
What is the main purpose of the control group in an experiment?
What is the main purpose of the control group in an experiment?
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What does entering behaviour describe?
What does entering behaviour describe?
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What is the purpose of performance assessment?
What is the purpose of performance assessment?
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What is the primary goal of survey methods in research?
What is the primary goal of survey methods in research?
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What is terminal behaviour?
What is terminal behaviour?
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Which method of research is particularly useful for studying behavior in a natural, everyday setting?
Which method of research is particularly useful for studying behavior in a natural, everyday setting?
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What is an instructional procedure?
What is an instructional procedure?
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What is a limitation of self-observation as a research method?
What is a limitation of self-observation as a research method?
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Which type of observation is most likely to be carried out in a psychology laboratory?
Which type of observation is most likely to be carried out in a psychology laboratory?
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What determines the limits of instructional responsibility?
What determines the limits of instructional responsibility?
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What is the purpose of instructional procedures?
What is the purpose of instructional procedures?
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What type of test is commonly used in teaching and learning sessions?
What type of test is commonly used in teaching and learning sessions?
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What do the results of a performance assessment provide?
What do the results of a performance assessment provide?
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What is the dependent variable in an experiment where the independent variable is the use of a new language teaching procedure?
What is the dependent variable in an experiment where the independent variable is the use of a new language teaching procedure?
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What is the role of intervening variables in an experiment?
What is the role of intervening variables in an experiment?
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What is the purpose of control variables in an experiment?
What is the purpose of control variables in an experiment?
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What is an example of a moderator variable in language acquisition research?
What is an example of a moderator variable in language acquisition research?
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What is the purpose of introspection in educational psychology research?
What is the purpose of introspection in educational psychology research?
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What is an example of an independent variable in an experiment?
What is an example of an independent variable in an experiment?
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What is the role of extraneous variables in an experiment?
What is the role of extraneous variables in an experiment?
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What is the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable?
What is the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable?
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Study Notes
Entering Behaviour
- Refers to the student's level before instruction begins
- Encompasses what the student has previously learned, intellectual ability, motivational state, and social and cultural determinants of learning ability
- Describes the present status of the student's knowledge and skill in relation to a future status the teacher wants to attain
Instructional Procedures
- Refers to the medium or media through which a particular search image is transmitted from the instructor to the learner
- Decisions made in respect of instructional procedures include:
- What specific instructional methods can be used to impart a given search image?
- Which method of instruction can lead to learning efficiency?
- What physical arrangement or instructional materials should be made to promote effective teaching and learning?
Performance Assessment
- Consists of tests and observations used to determine how well the student has achieved the instructional objectives
- Assessment devices can be teacher-made or standardised tests, objective or essay type tests
- Results of the test provide the index for determining the extent to which the set objectives have been achieved
Intervening Variables
- Describe abstract processes that are not directly observable but link the independent and dependent variables
- Example: language learning processes used by the subjects are the intervening variables if the independent variable is the use of a particular teaching technique and the dependent variable is mastery of the objectives
Moderator Variables
- Affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables by modifying the effect of the intervening variable(s)
- Measured and taken into consideration
- Typical moderator variables in language acquisition research include the sex, age, culture, or language proficiency of the subjects
Control Variables
- Variables that are not measured in a particular study must be held constant, neutralized/balanced, or eliminated to avoid biasing effects on other variables
- Variables that have been controlled in this way are called control variables
Common Methods in Educational Psychology Research
- Introspection: involves self-observation by the learner, simple, direct, and cheap, but lacks reliability and can only be used for adult normal human beings
- Observation:
- Naturalistic observation: involves observing subjects in their normal, everyday setting
- Participant observation: involves actively engaging in the activities of the research participants
- Structured observation: a controlled observation that is likely to be carried out in a psychology laboratory
- Experimental Research:
- Involves two groups of a selected population: the experimental group and the control group
- The control group provides a baseline against which to compare the experimental group
- One group is subjected to a different condition
- Survey Methods:
- Used to gather the opinions of a large group of people about a particular topic or issue
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Description
Learn about entering behaviour, which describes a student's level before instruction begins, including their prior knowledge, intellectual ability, motivation, and social and cultural factors.
