Entering Behaviour in Education
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of self-observation by the learner?

  • Observing others in a controlled environment
  • Looking outwards for external stimuli
  • Watching others to understand their behavior
  • Analyzing one's own thoughts and feelings (correct)

    • Which type of observation involves actively participating in the activities of the research participants?

  • Naturalistic observation
  • Experimental research
  • Structured observation
  • Participant observation (correct)

    • What is the primary advantage of the experimental method in research?

  • It provides precise, reliable, and repeatable results (correct)
  • It can be used to study any phenomenon
  • It is a cost-effective way to gather data
  • It allows for the study of a large population

    • What is the main purpose of the control group in an experiment?

    <p>To provide a baseline for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does entering behaviour describe?

    <p>The student's level before the instruction begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performance assessment?

    <p>To determine how well the student has achieved the instructional objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of survey methods in research?

    <p>To gather opinions of a large group of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is terminal behaviour?

    <p>The student's level after the instruction concludes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of research is particularly useful for studying behavior in a natural, everyday setting?

    <p>Naturalistic observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an instructional procedure?

    <p>The medium through which a search image is transmitted from the instructor to the learner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of self-observation as a research method?

    <p>It lacks reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of observation is most likely to be carried out in a psychology laboratory?

    <p>Structured observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the limits of instructional responsibility?

    <p>The student's entering and terminal behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of instructional procedures?

    <p>To impart a search image from the instructor to the learner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test is commonly used in teaching and learning sessions?

    <p>Teacher-made test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the results of a performance assessment provide?

    <p>The index for determining the extent to which the set objectives have been achieved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in an experiment where the independent variable is the use of a new language teaching procedure?

    <p>Students' scores on a test of the content taught using that procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intervening variables in an experiment?

    <p>They link the independent and dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control variables in an experiment?

    <p>To hold constant or eliminate variables that may have a biasing effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a moderator variable in language acquisition research?

    <p>The sex, age, culture, or language proficiency of the subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of introspection in educational psychology research?

    <p>To study behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The use of a new language teaching procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of extraneous variables in an experiment?

    <p>They are the variables that may have a biasing effect on the other variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable?

    <p>The independent variable affects the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Entering Behaviour

    • Refers to the student's level before instruction begins
    • Encompasses what the student has previously learned, intellectual ability, motivational state, and social and cultural determinants of learning ability
    • Describes the present status of the student's knowledge and skill in relation to a future status the teacher wants to attain

    Instructional Procedures

    • Refers to the medium or media through which a particular search image is transmitted from the instructor to the learner
    • Decisions made in respect of instructional procedures include:
      • What specific instructional methods can be used to impart a given search image?
      • Which method of instruction can lead to learning efficiency?
      • What physical arrangement or instructional materials should be made to promote effective teaching and learning?

    Performance Assessment

    • Consists of tests and observations used to determine how well the student has achieved the instructional objectives
    • Assessment devices can be teacher-made or standardised tests, objective or essay type tests
    • Results of the test provide the index for determining the extent to which the set objectives have been achieved

    Intervening Variables

    • Describe abstract processes that are not directly observable but link the independent and dependent variables
    • Example: language learning processes used by the subjects are the intervening variables if the independent variable is the use of a particular teaching technique and the dependent variable is mastery of the objectives

    Moderator Variables

    • Affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables by modifying the effect of the intervening variable(s)
    • Measured and taken into consideration
    • Typical moderator variables in language acquisition research include the sex, age, culture, or language proficiency of the subjects

    Control Variables

    • Variables that are not measured in a particular study must be held constant, neutralized/balanced, or eliminated to avoid biasing effects on other variables
    • Variables that have been controlled in this way are called control variables

    Common Methods in Educational Psychology Research

    • Introspection: involves self-observation by the learner, simple, direct, and cheap, but lacks reliability and can only be used for adult normal human beings
    • Observation:
      • Naturalistic observation: involves observing subjects in their normal, everyday setting
      • Participant observation: involves actively engaging in the activities of the research participants
      • Structured observation: a controlled observation that is likely to be carried out in a psychology laboratory
    • Experimental Research:
      • Involves two groups of a selected population: the experimental group and the control group
      • The control group provides a baseline against which to compare the experimental group
      • One group is subjected to a different condition
    • Survey Methods:
      • Used to gather the opinions of a large group of people about a particular topic or issue

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    Description

    Learn about entering behaviour, which describes a student's level before instruction begins, including their prior knowledge, intellectual ability, motivation, and social and cultural factors.

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