ENT: Paralysis of the Larynx and Tracheostomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the position of the vocal cord in recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis?

  • Lateral position
  • Abducted position
  • Median position (correct)
  • Cadaveric position

What is the treatment for bilateral paralysis of the vocal cords?

  • Waiting for spontaneous recovery
  • Arytenoidectomy
  • Phonosurgical procedures
  • Tracheostomy (correct)

What is tracheostomy defined as?

  • Repair of the larynx
  • Creation of an opening in the trachea (correct)
  • Removal of the trachea
  • Removal of the larynx

Which of the following is an indication for tracheostomy?

<p>Bilateral vocal cord paralysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame for spontaneous recovery from paralysis?

<p>Up to 2 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for tracheostomy?

<p>Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of cardiac arrest during a tracheostomy procedure?

<p>Adrenaline surge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of the tracheostomy tube being completely displaced outside the tracheal opening?

<p>Suffocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term complication of tracheostomy involving the 1st tracheal ring?

<p>Perichondritis and stenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of an ill-fitting tracheostomy tube?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential immediate complication of tracheostomy?

<p>Apnea secondary to loss of hypoxic drive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side affected by paralysis of the larynx?

<p>Left side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of paralysis of the motor nerves of the larynx?

<p>Disease of the central nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis?

<p>Severe dyspnoea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to polyneuritis, resulting in paralysis of the larynx?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis?

<p>Hoarseness of voice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve?

<p>Slack and wavy cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for introducing humid air into the lungs during tracheostomy?

<p>Humidifying the inspired air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regularly deflating the cuff in cuffed tubes?

<p>To prevent pressure necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should tube changing be avoided for 2-3 days?

<p>To allow the track to establish itself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological change that occurs after tracheostomy?

<p>A 10-50% reduction in anatomical dead space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of tracheostomy?

<p>Immediate respiratory failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a criterion for decannulation?

<p>The patient's ability to manage with the tube occluded for at least 24 h (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the conditions where tracheostomy aids respiration?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the transverse skin incision for elective tracheostomy?

<p>2-5cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tracheostomy tube is used in children?

<p>Vertical slit incision tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to position adult patients sitting well propped up in the post-operative period?

<p>To prevent dislodgement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should suction be applied in tracheostomy after-care?

<p>At regular intervals dictated by the amount of secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is done to the bulky isthmus during tracheostomy?

<p>It is retracted cranially (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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