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Questions and Answers
What structure of the trachea allows it a considerable flexibility to follow the movement of the neck?
Which muscle completes the dorsal side of the trachea?
Where does the trachea extend from and to?
Which part of the trachea consists of cartilaginous C-shaped rings?
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What structure bifurcates at the hilus of the lungs?
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Which ligament joins the tracheal cartilages or rings together?
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What is the main function of the sinuses discussed in the text?
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Which nasal meatuses is located between the dorsal nasal conchae and ventral nasal conchae?
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What is the function of the larynx in the respiratory system mentioned in the text?
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Which part of the skull do sinuses help protect according to the text?
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What does the larynx do when a dog is eating or drinking?
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Which part of the skull do sinuses serve to thermally insulate according to the text?
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What is the function of the annular ligament in the trachea?
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Where is the tracheal bifurcation located?
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Which structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?
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What is the main function of the tracheal muscle?
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Which part of the larynx is essential for attachment of vocal cords?
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In the bronchial tree, what is the purpose of cartilaginous rings?
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Study Notes
Laryngeal Cartilages
- Cuneiform process: the most rostral process of the arytenoid cartilage
- Thyroid cartilage: largest laryngeal cartilage, opens dorsally, and forms Adam's apple in man
- Cricoid cartilage: signet ring-like shape, connects the thyroid cartilage and trachea
Muscles of Larynx
- Extrinsic Muscles:
- Stern-thyro-hyoid
- Thyro-hyoid
- Hyo-epiglottic
- Intrinsic Muscles:
- Crico-thyroid: tenses the vocal cords
- Dorsal crico-arytenoid: dilates the rima
- Lateral crico-arytenoid: closes the rima
- Transverse arytenoid: assists the closing of rima
- Ventricular: closes rima and loosens vocal folds
- Vocal: closes rima and loosens vocal folds
Trachea
- A non-collapsible tube that is both cartilaginous and membranous in nature
- Extends from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx to the hilus of the lungs where it bifurcates to the right a principal bronchus
- Composed of cartilaginous C-shaped tracheal rings
- Has two parts:
- Cervical part runs from the larynx to thoracic inlet
- Thoracic part continues at the bifurcation
Tracheal Anatomy
- Annular ligament: joins the tracheal cartilages or ring to one another
- Tracheal muscle: smooth muscle that completes the dorsal side of the trachea
Nasal Meatuses
- Passageway between the conchae
- Types:
- Dorsal nasal meatus: narrow passageway between the dorsal nasal conchae and nasal bone
- Middle nasal meatus: passageway between the dorsal nasal conchae and ventral nasal conchae
- Common nasal meatus: narrow vertical space between the nasal septum and the conchae in general
- Ventral nasal meatus: largest one and located in the ventral nasal conchae and hard palate
Sinuses
- Functions:
- Impart resonance to the voice
- Thermally insulate the nervous centers
- Lighten the bones of the skull
- Increase the area of the olfactory meatus
- Protect the eyes, nasal passages, and cranial activity
- Are an air-filled part of the skull
Laryngeal Functions
- Protects the respiratory system from solid matter aspiration
- Exerts regulatory influence on the rate and quality of air inflow
- Associated with voice, sound creation
Pharynx
- Conducts inspired air from the nasal cavity to the larynx
- Divided into dorsal nasal pharynx and ventral oropharynx
- Further divided by a muscular membranous partition known as soft palate
Larynx
- Short, membranous-cartilaginous valvular apparatus
- Connects the pharynx and the trachea
- Composed of nine cartilages
- Has a collection of laryngeal folds that sit in the back of the throat over the entrance of the trachea
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of laryngeal cartilages and muscles involved in the larynx. Identify and understand the functions and characteristics of different cartilages and muscles in the laryngeal region.
