Laryngeal Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the functions of the cricothyroid membrane (or ligament)?

The cricothyroid membrane directs air from the lungs towards the vocal ligaments for vibration to occur.

Where does the thyrohyoid membrane connect the larynx?

The thyrohyoid membrane connects the larynx to the hyoid bone.

What is the function of the fibroelastic membranes in the larynx?

The fibroelastic membranes form the cavities of the larynx and support its structure.

To which structures does the quadrangular membrane attach in the larynx?

<p>The quadrangular membrane attaches to the lateral surface of the epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and to the thyroid cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure attaches the larynx to the hyoid bone?

<p>Thyrohyoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane forms the cavities of the larynx?

<p>Fibroelastic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure attaches the trachea to the cricoid cartilage?

<p>Cricotracheal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is attached to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage?

<p>Cricothyroid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure attaches the epiglottis to the arytenoids?

<p>Aryepiglottic fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure provides attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilages of the larynx?

<p>Extrinsic ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure lines the inside portion of the cricoid cartilage and up under the vocal folds?

<p>Lower cornus elasticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricothyroid membrane?

<p>Directs air to the vocal ligaments for vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which structures does the quadrangular membrane attach?

<p>Epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibroelastic membrane?

<p>Forms the cavities of the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament attaches the larynx to the hyoid bone?

<p>Median thyrohyoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure attaches the lateral surface of the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage?

<p>Quadrangular membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure provides attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilages of the larynx?

<p>Extrinsic ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which structures does the quadrangular membrane attach in the larynx?

<p>Epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricothyroid membrane?

<p>Directs air to the vocal ligaments for vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure attaches the larynx to the hyoid bone?

<p>Thyrohyoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament attaches the larynx to the hyoid bone?

<p>Lateral thyrohyoid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure lines the inside portion of the cricoid cartilage and up under the vocal folds?

<p>Cornus elasticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibroelastic membranes in the larynx?

<p>Provide supportive structure for the laryngeal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure attaches the lateral surface of the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage?

<p>Aryepiglottic folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure attaches the trachea to the cricoid cartilage?

<p>Cricotracheal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which structures does the quadrangular membrane attach?

<p>Epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage, and thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricothyroid membrane (or ligament)?

<p>Directs air to the vocal ligaments for vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the cricothyroid membrane and ligament attach to?

<p>Thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the cavities of the larynx?

<p>Intrinsic membranes and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches the trachea to the cricoid cartilage?

<p>Cricotracheal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the larynx to the hyoid bone?

<p>Thyrohyoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cornus elasticus direct?

<p>Air to the vocal ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which cartilage does the quadrangular membrane attach?

<p>Arytenoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches the epiglottis to the arytenoids?

<p>Aryepiglottic folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the lateral and median glossoepiglottic ligaments connect?

<p>Epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricothyroid membrane?

<p>Directs air to the vocal ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibroelastic membranes?

<p>Direct air to the vocal ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the lower cornus elasticus line?

<p>Inside portion of the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches to the lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage just above the point where vocal ligament attaches?

<p>Quadrangular membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five layers of tissues composing the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<ol> <li>Superficial layer (protective epithelial layer and basement membrane)</li> <li>Superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP)</li> <li>Intermediate layer of lamina propria (ILP)</li> <li>Deep layer of lamina propria (DLP)</li> <li>Thyroarytenoid muscle layer</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP) in the vocal folds?

<p>Provides least resistance to vibration and provides cushion for the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition and function of the intermediate layer of lamina propria (ILP)?

<p>High concentration of collagen and elastic fibers, provides elasticity and strength to the vocal folds, constitutes the vocal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the anterior and posterior ends of the vocal folds thickened in the intermediate layer of lamina propria?

<p>To provide protection of the vocal folds from mechanical damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the superficial layer in the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<p>Protective epithelial layer and an underlying layer of basement membrane, helps to keep the vocal folds moist and gives the folds the white appearance seen during laryngoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the deep layer of lamina propria (DLP) in the vocal folds?

<p>Provides stiffness and stability to the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many layers of the lamina propria are there in the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<p>Three (superficial, intermediate, and deep layers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the thyroarytenoid muscle layer play in the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<p>Provides additional support and control over vocal fold tension and length</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives the vocal folds their white appearance during laryngoscopy?

<p>The protective epithelial layer and underlying basement membrane in the superficial layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<p>It is essential for vocal production and phonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP) in the vocal folds?

<p>Provides least resistance to vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition and function of the intermediate layer of lamina propria (ILP)?

<p>High concentration of collagen and elastic fibers, provides least resistance to vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives the vocal folds their white appearance during laryngoscopy?

<p>Protective epithelial layer and an underlying layer of basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the deep layer of lamina propria (DLP) play in the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<p>Provides attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilages of the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibroelastic membrane in the larynx?

<p>Provides attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilages of the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches to the lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage just above the point where vocal ligament attaches?

<p>Fibroelastic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the protective epithelial layer in the vocal folds?

<p>Keeps the vocal folds moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the elastic fibers in the superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP)?

<p>Provides cushion for the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vocal ligament?

<p>Provides attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilages of the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thickening at the anterior and posterior ends of the vocal folds in the intermediate layer of lamina propria (ILP)?

<p>Provides protection of the vocal folds from mechanical damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity of the larynx is defined by variable sphincters that permit voicing?

<p>Glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle provides major adjustment for change in vocal pitch?

<p>Cricothyroid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle has one attachment on laryngeal cartilages and the other attachment on nonlaryngeal structures?

<p>Extrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for adducting the vocal folds?

<p>Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure begins at the margins of the true vocal folds and extends to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?

<p>Conus elasticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint permits gliding, rocking, and minimal rotation, facilitating change in vocal fold length?

<p>Cricoarytenoid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles work in concert with the articulatory movement of the tongue?

<p>Extrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for abducting the vocal folds?

<p>Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity of the larynx is located between the false and the true vocal folds?

<p>Laryngeal ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint permits the cricoid and thyroid cartilages to rotate and glide relative to each other?

<p>Cricothyroid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles have both origin and insertion on laryngeal cartilages?

<p>Intrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for tensing and relaxing the vocal folds?

<p>Thyromuscularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity of the larynx is the space between the vocal folds and is the most important laryngeal space for speech?

<p>The 3rd cavity: the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints in the larynx?

<p>The cricothyroid joint permits the cricoid and thyroid to rotate and glide relative to each other, providing major adjustment for change in vocal pitch. The cricoarytenoid joint permits gliding, rocking, and minimal rotation, facilitating adduction and change in vocal fold length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

<p>Extrinsic muscles provide support for the larynx, fix it in position, and make major adjustments to the larynx by elevating or lowering it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

<p>Intrinsic muscles make fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism itself, including opening, closing, tensing, and relaxing the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the adductor muscles of the larynx.

<p>The adductor muscles are the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, interarytenoids (transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the abductor muscle of the larynx.

<p>The abductor muscle is the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the glottaltensor muscles?

<p>The glottaltensors, including the cricothyroid muscle and thyrovocalis muscle, are responsible for tensing the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the relaxer muscles in the larynx?

<p>The relaxer muscles, including the thyromuscularis, are responsible for relaxing the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cricoid cartilage in laryngeal movement?

<p>The cricoid cartilage is involved in the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints, allowing rotation, gliding, and rocking movements for vocal pitch adjustment and vocal fold length changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the false vocal folds?

<p>The false vocal folds are made up of mucous membrane and fibrous vestibular ligament, with no muscle tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lateral margin of the glottis in the larynx?

<p>The lateral margin of the glottis consists of the vocal folds and the arytenoids, and it plays a role in vocal fold approximation and adduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conus elasticus in the larynx?

<p>The conus elasticus begins at the margins of the true vocal folds and extends to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage, providing support and widening from the vocal folds to the base of the cricoid cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA)?

<p>Abducts the vocal folds to allow more air to move into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Cricothyroid Muscle (CT)?

<p>Rocks the thyroid cartilage forward relative to the cricoid cartilage and acts as the primary tensor, lengthening and elongating the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Thyrovocalis Muscle?

<p>Tenses the vocal folds, especially when it contracts with the cricothyroid muscle, and draws the thyroid and cricoid cartilage farther apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Thyromuscularis?

<p>Pulls the arytenoids towards the thyroid cartilage without medial rocking, making the vocal folds thicker and acting as a laryngeal relaxer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

<p>It pulls the apex of the arytenoid cartilage medially, addingucting the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>The LCA rotates the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis and adduct the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>The Transverse arytenoid muscle pulls the arytenoids closer to each other medially, approximating the vocal folds and aiding in adducting the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Oblique arytenoid muscles?

<p>The Oblique arytenoid muscles are superficial to the Transverse arytenoid muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle and Transverse arytenoid muscle increase medial compression of the vocal folds?

<p>They pull the arytenoids closer together, resulting in a gliding motion that approximates and adducts the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transverse interarytenoids?

<p>The Transverse interarytenoids band of muscle extends from the posterior surface of one arytenoid to the opposite one, aiding in pulling the arytenoids closer to each other and approximating the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cavities of the larynx?

<p>The three cavities of the larynx are the vestibule, laryngeal ventricle, and the glottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the false vocal folds also known as, and what are they made up of?

<p>The false vocal folds are also known as the ventricular folds. They are made up of mucous membrane and fibrous vestibular ligament, with no muscle tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important laryngeal space for speech?

<p>The glottis is the most important laryngeal space for speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joints are the only movable parts of the larynx?

<p>The cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints are the only movable parts of the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

<p>The functions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles are to provide support for the larynx, fix it in position, and make major adjustments to the larynx (elevating or lowering it).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

<p>The functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are to make fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism itself, including opening, closing, tensing, and relaxing the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the adductor muscles of the larynx.

<p>The adductor muscles of the larynx are the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and the interarytenoids (IA), which include the transverse arytenoid muscle and the oblique arytenoid muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the abductor muscle of the larynx.

<p>The abductor muscle of the larynx is the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the glottal tensors of the larynx.

<p>The glottal tensors of the larynx are the cricothyroid muscle and the thyrovocalis muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the relaxer muscle of the larynx.

<p>The relaxer muscle of the larynx is the thyromuscularis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement permitted by the cricothyroid joint, and what major adjustment does it provide?

<p>The cricothyroid joint permits the thyroid cartilage to rock down (from the front) and glide backward and forward slightly, providing major adjustment for change in vocal pitch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major movements permitted by the cricoarytenoid joint?

<p>The major movements permitted by the cricoarytenoid joint are gliding, rocking, and minimal rotation, which facilitate adduction and changes in vocal fold length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA)?

<p>Pulls the muscular process posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Cricothyroid Muscle (CT)?

<p>Rocks the thyroid cartilage forward relative to the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Thyromuscularis (external thyroarytenoid TA)?

<p>Pulls the arytenoids towards the thyroid cartilage without medial rocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Thyrovocalis Muscle?

<p>Tenses the vocal folds especially when it contracts with cricothyroid muscle (CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the lateral thyromuscularis?

<p>Rocks the thyroid cartilage forward relative to the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>Pulls the apex medially, adduction of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>Rocks the thyroid cartilage forward relative to the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>Pulls the arytenoids towards the thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>The Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA) rotates the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis, resulting in adduction of the vocal folds and lengthening of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>The Transverse arytenoid muscle pulls the arytenoids closer to each other medially, approximating the vocal folds (adducting the vocal folds) and increasing the medial compression of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Oblique arytenoid muscles?

<p>The Oblique arytenoid muscles are superficial to the Transverse arytenoid muscle and contribute to the articulatory movements of the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the band of muscle that extends from the posterior surface of one arytenoid to the opposite one?

<p>The Transverse interarytenoids is the band of muscle that extends from the posterior surface of one arytenoid to the opposite one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle and Transverse arytenoid muscle in relation to the vocal folds?

<p>The Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle and Transverse arytenoid muscle work together to increase the medial compression of the vocal folds, resulting in the force generated by the vocal folds at the point of their contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>Rotate the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Oblique arytenoid muscles?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combined action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle and Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>Increased medial compression of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Transverse interarytenoids?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle?

<p>Rotate the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Transverse arytenoid muscle in relation to the vocal folds?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle protects the airway by deflecting the epiglottis cartilage over the laryngeal aditus?

<p>Aryepiglottic muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxes the vocal folds and has superior fibers continuous with the Thyroepiglottic muscle?

<p>Superior thyroarytenoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle dilates the laryngeal opening and is active during the pharyngeal stage of the swallow?

<p>Thyroepiglottic muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are categorized as laryngeal elevators?

<p>Thyropharyngeus, digastric, stylohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are categorized as laryngeal depressors?

<p>Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle protects the airway by deflecting the epiglottis cartilage over the laryngeal aditus?

<p>Aryepiglottic muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles are attached to the hyoid bone and move the larynx to structures below?

<p>Infrahyoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles are attached to the hyoid bone and move the larynx to structures above?

<p>Suprahyoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for abducting the vocal folds?

<p>Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle provides major adjustment for change in vocal pitch?

<p>Cricothyroid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle attaches to the lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage just above the point where vocal ligament attaches?

<p>Thyroepiglottic muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>Rotate the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially: gliding motion &gt; approximate the vocal folds (adduct the vocal folds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Oblique arytenoid muscles?

<p>Rotate the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transverse interarytenoids?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially: gliding motion &gt; approximate the vocal folds (adduct the vocal folds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Quadrangular membrane?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially: gliding motion &gt; approximate the vocal folds (adduct the vocal folds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Oblique interarytenoid muscles?

<p>Rotate the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Superficial layer in the fine structure of the vocal folds?

<p>Produce the force generated by the vocal folds at the point of their contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>Rotate the arytenoid cartilages medially to close the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially: gliding motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Oblique arytenoid muscles?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Transverse interarytenoids?

<p>Pull the arytenoids closer to each other medially: gliding motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the action of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle and Transverse arytenoid muscle?

<p>Increased medial compression of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the attachment of the Transverse interarytenoids?

<p>From the posterior surface of one arytenoid to the opposite one</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the attachment of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA)?

<p>To the cricoid cartilage and the muscular process of the arytenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two muscles that are part of the auxillary musculature and their functions in relation to the larynx and airway protection?

<p>Aryepiglottic muscle protects the airway by deflecting the epiglottis cartilage over the laryngeal aditus. Superior thyroarytenoid muscle relaxes the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of laryngeal muscles based on their function and provide an example for each category?

<p>Laryngeal elevators (e.g. thyropharyngeus) and laryngeal depressors (e.g. sternohyoid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of extrinsic tongue muscles and how do they contribute to laryngeal movement?

<p>The two types are genioglossus and hyoglossus. They contribute to laryngeal movement by attaching to the hyoid bone and structures above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two suprahyoid muscles and their function in relation to the larynx?

<p>Two suprahyoid muscles are stylohyoid and mylohyoid. They elevate the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the infrahyoid muscles in relation to laryngeal movement?

<p>Infrahyoid muscles move the larynx by attaching from the hyoid bone to structures below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the function of the Thyroepiglottic muscle in relation to the laryngeal opening and its activity during swallowing?

<p>The thyroepiglottic muscle dilates the laryngeal opening and is active during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the aryepiglottic muscles arise from and what is their role in protecting the airway?

<p>Aryepiglottic muscles arise from the superior aspect of the oblique arytenoid muscle and protect the airway by deflecting the epiglottis cartilage over the laryngeal aditus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two laryngeal depressor muscles and their role in laryngeal movement?

<p>Two laryngeal depressor muscles are sternohyoid and omohyoid, and they function to depress the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the superior fibers of the superior thyroarytenoid muscle continuous with the thyroepiglottic muscle, and what is the function of the superior thyroarytenoid muscle?

<p>Superior fibers of the superior thyroarytenoid muscle are continuous with the thyroepiglottic muscle. The superior thyroarytenoid muscle relaxes the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the laryngeal muscles categorized as laryngeal elevators and how do they contribute to laryngeal movement?

<p>Laryngeal elevators, such as thyropharyngeus, digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid, elevate the larynx and contribute to laryngeal movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ligaments and Membranes in the Larynx

  • The cricothyroid membrane (or ligament) functions to tense and relax the vocal folds.
  • The thyrohyoid membrane connects the larynx to the hyoid bone.
  • The fibroelastic membranes in the larynx provide attachment between the hyoid or trachea and the cartilages of the larynx.
  • The quadrangular membrane attaches to the epiglottis, arytenoid, and corniculate cartilages in the larynx.
  • The cricothyroid membrane forms the cavities of the larynx.
  • The cricothyroid membrane attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage.

Laryngeal Cartilages and Joints

  • The cricothyroid joint permits gliding, rocking, and minimal rotation, facilitating change in vocal fold length.
  • The cricoarytenoid joint permits the cricoid and thyroid cartilages to rotate and glide relative to each other.

Muscles of the Larynx

  • The thyroarytenoid muscle layer plays a role in the fine structure of the vocal folds.
  • The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) is responsible for abducting the vocal folds.
  • The cricothyroid muscle (CT) is responsible for tensing and relaxing the vocal folds.
  • The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA) is an adductor muscle of the larynx.
  • The transverse arytenoid muscle increases medial compression of the vocal folds.
  • The oblique arytenoid muscles play a role in rotating the arytenoid cartilages.

Vocal Folds

  • The five layers of tissues composing the fine structure of the vocal folds are the protective epithelial layer, the superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP), the intermediate layer of lamina propria (ILP), the deep layer of lamina propria (DLP), and the thyroarytenoid muscle layer.
  • The superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP) contains elastic fibers and permits vocal fold vibration.
  • The intermediate layer of lamina propria (ILP) is thickened at the anterior and posterior ends, which adds to the vocal folds' stiffness.
  • The deep layer of lamina propria (DLP) provides mechanical support to the vocal folds.

Cavities of the Larynx

  • The three cavities of the larynx are the vestibule of the larynx, the ventricle of the larynx, and the infraglottic cavity.
  • The false vocal folds are also known as the vestibular folds and are made up of mucous membrane and fibroelastic tissue.
  • The most important laryngeal space for speech is the infraglottic cavity.

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Test your knowledge of laryngeal anatomy and structures with this quiz. Explore topics such as laryngeal membranes, extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments, and their roles in connecting the hyoid, trachea, and laryngeal cartilages.

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