English Vocabulary Formation

Vocabulary

Word Formation

• Prefixes: added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (e.g., un-, re-, de-)
• Suffixes: added to the end of a word to change its meaning (e.g., -ly, -ful, -less)
• Compounding: combining two words to form a new word (e.g., bookshelf, toothbrush)
• Blending: combining parts of two words to form a new word (e.g., smog, brunch)

Word Types

• Nouns: person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., dog, city, happiness)
• Verbs: action or state of being (e.g., run, be, have)
• Adjectives: describe nouns or pronouns (e.g., happy, tall, blue)
• Adverbs: describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very, well)
• Pronouns: replace nouns in a sentence (e.g., he, she, it, they)
• Prepositions: show relationships between words (e.g., in, on, at, with)
• Conjunctions: connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or)
• Interjections: express emotion or feeling (e.g., oh, wow, ouch)

Vocabulary Acquisition

• Etymology: study of word origins and history
• Homophones: words with the same pronunciation but different meanings (e.g., to, two, too)
• Homographs: words with the same spelling but different meanings (e.g., bank, bank)
• Idioms: phrases with unique meanings that differ from individual word meanings (e.g., kick the bucket, break a leg)
• Collocations: words that frequently appear together (e.g., strong coffee, heavy rain)

Vocabulary Strategies

• Contextualization: learn words in context to improve understanding
• Visualization: associate words with mental images to aid memory
• Chunking: break down words into smaller parts to aid memorization
• Mnemonics: use associations or acronyms to remember words
• Repetition: repeat exposure to words to reinforce learning

Vocabulary

Word Formation

• Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning, examples include un-, re-, and de-.
• Suffixes are added to the end of a word to change its meaning, examples include -ly, -ful, and -less.
• Compounding involves combining two words to form a new word, such as bookshelf and toothbrush.
• Blending involves combining parts of two words to form a new word, such as smog and brunch.

Word Types

• Nouns are words that represent a person, place, thing, or idea, examples include dog, city, and happiness.
• Verbs are words that represent an action or state of being, examples include run, be, and have.
• Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns, examples include happy, tall, and blue.
• Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, examples include quickly, very, and well.
• Pronouns are words that replace nouns in a sentence, examples include he, she, it, and they.
• Prepositions are words that show relationships between words, examples include in, on, at, and with.
• Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses, examples include and, but, and or.
• Interjections are words that express emotion or feeling, examples include oh, wow, and ouch.

Vocabulary Acquisition

• Etymology is the study of word origins and history.
• Homophones are words with the same pronunciation but different meanings, examples include to, two, and too.
• Homographs are words with the same spelling but different meanings, examples include bank and bank.
• Idioms are phrases with unique meanings that differ from individual word meanings, examples include kick the bucket and break a leg.
• Collocations are words that frequently appear together, examples include strong coffee and heavy rain.

Vocabulary Strategies

• Contextualization involves learning words in context to improve understanding.
• Visualization involves associating words with mental images to aid memory.
• Chunking involves breaking down words into smaller parts to aid memorization.
• Mnemonics involve using associations or acronyms to remember words.
• Repetition involves repeating exposure to words to reinforce learning.