English Literature: 14th to 17th Century

Study Notes

Overview

The period spans from the late 14th century to the early 17th century.
Key literary movements: Medieval Literature, Early Renaissance, and Elizabethan Literature.

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400)

Considered the Father of English literature.
Notable work: The Canterbury Tales - a collection of stories told by pilgrims traveling to Canterbury.
- Themes: social commentary, human nature, and morality.
- Use of iambic pentameter and varied verse forms.

Medieval Literature (14th–15th centuries)

Characterized by allegory, morality plays, and religious themes.
Popular forms: ballads, romances, and courtly love poetry.
Key authors:
- William Langland – Piers Plowman: an allegorical poem reflecting social issues.
- Sir Thomas Malory – Le Morte d'Arthur: a compilation of Arthurian legends.

The Renaissance (16th century)

Marked by a revival of classical learning and humanism.
Shift towards individualism and exploration of human experience.
Introduction of blank verse and sonnets.

Key Figures

Thomas More: Utopia - a socio-political satire and visionary work.
Christopher Marlowe: Known for his blank verse and dramatic works.
- Notable play: Doctor Faustus - explores themes of ambition and the quest for knowledge.
William Shakespeare (1564–1616): The most prominent playwright and poet.
- Renowned for his sonnets and plays covering various themes like love, power, betrayal, and tragedy.
- Influential plays: Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Literary Characteristics

Use of vernacular English, making literature more accessible.
Exploration of complex characters and human emotions.
Blending of genres: poetry, drama, and prose coexist and influence each other.

Conclusion

The transition from Chaucer to the Renaissance reflects significant developments in language, themes, and literary forms.
This period laid the foundation for modern English literature and continues to influence writers today.

Overview

The late 14th to early 17th century showcases significant transitions in English literature.
Key literary movements include Medieval Literature, Early Renaissance, and Elizabethan Literature.

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400)

Recognized as the Father of English literature for his influential works.
The Canterbury Tales features diverse stories from pilgrims en route to Canterbury.
Themes span social critique, human behavior, and moral dilemmas.
Utilizes iambic pentameter and incorporates various verse forms.

Medieval Literature (14th–15th centuries)

Focused on allegory, morality plays, and religious narratives.
Dominant literary forms included ballads, romances, and poetry centered on courtly love.
Key authors:
- William Langland: Piers Plowman addresses social concerns through allegorical representation.
- Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte d'Arthur compiles and codifies Arthurian legends.

The Renaissance (16th century)

Characterized by a return to classical thought and the rise of humanism.
Emphasis on individual experience and personal expression.
Blank verse and sonnet forms became more prominent in literature.

Key Figures

Thomas More: Authored Utopia, a critical socio-political satire envisioning an ideal society.
Christopher Marlowe: Popular for his innovative use of blank verse and impactful dramatic themes.
- Doctor Faustus examines ambition and the pursuit of knowledge.
William Shakespeare (1564–1616): The most celebrated playwright and poet of the era.
- Known for his diverse sonnets and plays that explore themes such as love, power, betrayal, and tragedy.
- Notable works include Hamlet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Literary Characteristics

Shift to the use of vernacular English increased accessibility of literature to the general public.
In-depth exploration of complex characters and human emotions marks a new literary focus.
Genres began to blend, allowing poetry, drama, and prose to influence one another.

Conclusion

The evolution from Chaucer's era to the Renaissance showcases pivotal changes in language, thematic exploration, and literary form.
This period established a foundation that continues to impact modern English literature and inspire contemporary writers.

Description

Explore the rich tapestry of English literature from the late 14th to early 17th century. Learn about key figures like Geoffrey Chaucer and movements such as Medieval Literature and the Renaissance. Discover essential themes and works that shaped literary thought in this transformative period.