English Language Chapter 5: Word Classes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do lexical word classes function as?

  • Prepositions
  • Morphemes
  • Adjectives
  • Head of different phrases (correct)

    • What is a phonologically independent linguistic unit known as?

    Word

    Grammatical word classes are generally what type?

  • Closed (correct)
  • Variable
  • Flexible
  • Open

    • What is an open word class?

    <p>A class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A particle is a word with a ________.

    <p>single morphological form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a noun be the head of?

    <p>A noun phrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of closed word classes?

    <p>It is very difficult to add new words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does number refer to in nouns?

    <p>Nouns take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adjectives characterized by?

    <p>Their occurrence within a noun phrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parts of speech can only be categorized by their meaning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inflection?

    <p>Changes the form of a word to express a particular grammatical function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do auxiliary verbs convey?

    <p>Aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nominative case indicate?

    <p>A grammatical case for nouns and pronouns used when a noun/pronoun is used as the subject of the verb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of accusative case?

    <p>'She bought a car'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genitive case used for?

    <p>When the noun is a possessor or holds a similar relationship with another noun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically modifies verbs in a sentence?

    <p>Adverbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Verbs can occur in any position in relation to auxiliary verbs in a sentence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Word Classes Overview

    • Lexical word classes serve as the heads of different phrases.
    • Grammatical word classes generally express a limited range of meaning and are closed to new additions.
    • Open word classes allow for the incorporation of new members through borrowing and word-formation processes.

    Definitions of Key Terms

    • A word is a phonologically independent unit comprised of one or more morphemes.
    • Particles have a single morphological form and function in specific grammatical roles.

    Nouns and Their Functions

    • Nouns function as the head of a noun phrase and inflect for categories like singular, dual, and plural.
    • Nouns can take affixes to indicate grammatical cases, revealing their relationship to verbs in sentences.

    Adjectives and Their Characteristics

    • Adjectives occur within noun phrases, in comparative/superlative forms, and as complements of a copula.
    • They modify nouns, providing attribute information.

    Cases in Grammar

    • Nominative case marks subjects of verbs.
    • Accusative case is used for direct objects in transitive clauses.
    • Genitive case indicates possession (e.g., -'s suffix).
    • Locative case identifies locations (e.g., "on my brother").

    Adverbs and Their Role

    • Adverbs modify verbs or entire clauses/sentences, often expressing speaker attitude or evidentiality.
    • They do not inflect and usually do not appear within noun phrases.

    Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs

    • Verbs act as predicates, central to clause structure, and typically follow subjects and precede objects.
    • Auxiliary verbs precede main verbs and can initiate questions.
    • Examples include: be, can, have, may, must.

    Word Class Determination

    • Word classes are identified by morphological and syntactic behavior rather than inherent meaning.
    • Lexical word classes are usually open, whereas grammatical classes are typically closed.

    Modifiers and Dependencies

    • Examples of noun phrase dependents include adjectives, articles, and quantified expressions.
    • Adjectives can modify nouns or function as complements.

    Summarized Rules

    • Verbs maintain a fixed position with respect to auxiliary verbs.
    • Adjectives have two syntactic positions: modifying nouns or as complements.
    • Adverbs are generally not inflected and have specific placement rules in sentences.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the different word classes covered in Chapter 5. This quiz covers lexical categories, grammatical classes, and the distinctions between open and closed classes. Challenge yourself to understand the structure and function of words in English linguistics.

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