Podcast
Questions and Answers
Derivational morphology is solely focused on changing the grammatical function of a word without creating a new meaning.
Derivational morphology is solely focused on changing the grammatical function of a word without creating a new meaning.
False
The basic function of derivational processes is to enable language users to create new lexemes.
The basic function of derivational processes is to enable language users to create new lexemes.
True
Closed classes of words are expandable by regular word-formation patterns.
Closed classes of words are expandable by regular word-formation patterns.
False
Adjectives can be derived from nouns in the process of derivational morphology.
Adjectives can be derived from nouns in the process of derivational morphology.
Signup and view all the answers
Affixes used in derivational morphology can only be prefixes.
Affixes used in derivational morphology can only be prefixes.
Signup and view all the answers
Lexemes must always belong to the same lexical category as their base forms.
Lexemes must always belong to the same lexical category as their base forms.
Signup and view all the answers
Inflectional morphology and derivational morphology are the same processes.
Inflectional morphology and derivational morphology are the same processes.
Signup and view all the answers
Function words, such as determiners and conjunctions, form open lexical classes.
Function words, such as determiners and conjunctions, form open lexical classes.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix –fy can only derive verbs from adjectival bases.
The suffix –fy can only derive verbs from adjectival bases.
Signup and view all the answers
The process of derivation involves creating a new lexeme from an existing one.
The process of derivation involves creating a new lexeme from an existing one.
Signup and view all the answers
The prefix de- has a clear-cut meaning of 'remove X from'.
The prefix de- has a clear-cut meaning of 'remove X from'.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ate favors the derivation of verbs from only nominal bases.
The suffix -ate favors the derivation of verbs from only nominal bases.
Signup and view all the answers
Conversion is the process of changing a word into another word class without adding any affixes.
Conversion is the process of changing a word into another word class without adding any affixes.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ly can derive adverbs from adjectives but cannot derive adjectives from nouns.
The suffix -ly can derive adverbs from adjectives but cannot derive adjectives from nouns.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ess can be used to derive nouns from other nouns.
The suffix -ess can be used to derive nouns from other nouns.
Signup and view all the answers
Both the suffixes -ism and -ful only derive nouns from adjectives in their specified uses.
Both the suffixes -ism and -ful only derive nouns from adjectives in their specified uses.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ing can only derive adjectives from verbs.
The suffix -ing can only derive adjectives from verbs.
Signup and view all the answers
The process of affixation entails adding prefixes and suffixes to create new words, and can affect all parts of speech.
The process of affixation entails adding prefixes and suffixes to create new words, and can affect all parts of speech.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ness is the least frequently used method for deriving nouns from adjectives.
The suffix -ness is the least frequently used method for deriving nouns from adjectives.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ment is used exclusively to form nouns that describe a person's action.
The suffix -ment is used exclusively to form nouns that describe a person's action.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -er is primarily used to create nouns that express the person performing an action.
The suffix -er is primarily used to create nouns that express the person performing an action.
Signup and view all the answers
Vowel change is a significant method for deriving nouns in the English language compared to other languages, like Arabic.
Vowel change is a significant method for deriving nouns in the English language compared to other languages, like Arabic.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ful is commonly paired with -less in adjectives.
The suffix -ful is commonly paired with -less in adjectives.
Signup and view all the answers
The adjective derived from the verb 'sing' is 'sang'.
The adjective derived from the verb 'sing' is 'sang'.
Signup and view all the answers
The prefix 'un-' can freely be prefixed to all adjectives without restrictions.
The prefix 'un-' can freely be prefixed to all adjectives without restrictions.
Signup and view all the answers
Agent nouns can only be formed using the suffix -er.
Agent nouns can only be formed using the suffix -er.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ism is used to indicate a property of being a certain quality.
The suffix -ism is used to indicate a property of being a certain quality.
Signup and view all the answers
Prefixes only appear in the formation of verbs from nouns, never in the reverse process.
Prefixes only appear in the formation of verbs from nouns, never in the reverse process.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -able indicates that something can be acted upon.
The suffix -able indicates that something can be acted upon.
Signup and view all the answers
The process of affixation is the only method used for deriving lexemes in English.
The process of affixation is the only method used for deriving lexemes in English.
Signup and view all the answers
The word 'greenish' is an example of an adjective derived from a noun.
The word 'greenish' is an example of an adjective derived from a noun.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ance is a common suffix for forming nouns from adjectives.
The suffix -ance is a common suffix for forming nouns from adjectives.
Signup and view all the answers
The claim that verbs are simply 'doing words' is entirely accurate.
The claim that verbs are simply 'doing words' is entirely accurate.
Signup and view all the answers
Derivational processes can change the word class of the bases they apply to.
Derivational processes can change the word class of the bases they apply to.
Signup and view all the answers
The adverb 'FAST' is derived from the noun also spelled 'FAST'.
The adverb 'FAST' is derived from the noun also spelled 'FAST'.
Signup and view all the answers
All derivatives of nouns must fall under the classification of distinct lexical items.
All derivatives of nouns must fall under the classification of distinct lexical items.
Signup and view all the answers
Adverbs such as 'NOWHERE' and 'TODAY' have the suffix -ly.
Adverbs such as 'NOWHERE' and 'TODAY' have the suffix -ly.
Signup and view all the answers
The term 'DIOECIOUS' can be used to derive the adverb 'DIOECIOUSLY'.
The term 'DIOECIOUS' can be used to derive the adverb 'DIOECIOUSLY'.
Signup and view all the answers
The suffix -ette is commonly used to denote a larger version of a noun.
The suffix -ette is commonly used to denote a larger version of a noun.
Signup and view all the answers
The word 'CIGARETTE' derives its meaning purely from being a smaller cigar.
The word 'CIGARETTE' derives its meaning purely from being a smaller cigar.
Signup and view all the answers
Lexeme inflectional behavior is the sole factor in determining word class.
Lexeme inflectional behavior is the sole factor in determining word class.
Signup and view all the answers
Affixes that create new noun lexemes typically change the word class of the base noun.
Affixes that create new noun lexemes typically change the word class of the base noun.
Signup and view all the answers
Adjectives serve as a common source for deriving nouns.
Adjectives serve as a common source for deriving nouns.
Signup and view all the answers
The term 'GUITARIST' is derived from 'GUITAR' and does not change word class.
The term 'GUITARIST' is derived from 'GUITAR' and does not change word class.
Signup and view all the answers
The existence of certain words over others in English can appear arbitrary.
The existence of certain words over others in English can appear arbitrary.
Signup and view all the answers
Inflectional morphology applies to modify existing words but does not create new lexemes.
Inflectional morphology applies to modify existing words but does not create new lexemes.
Signup and view all the answers
The grammatical behavior of words is irrelevant to their classification as parts of speech.
The grammatical behavior of words is irrelevant to their classification as parts of speech.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Derivational Morphology
- Derivational morphology is the process of creating new words (lexemes) with new meanings, often changing the part of speech, unlike inflectional morphology, which changes the grammatical function of a word.
- The primary function of derivational processes is to create new lexemes from existing ones (bases).
- Lexemes belong to lexical categories (parts of speech) such as nouns (N), verbs (V), and adjectives (A). Derived lexemes can be different categories than their bases.
Word Classes and Conversion
- Words are categorized as open (nouns, adjectives, verbs) or closed (function words).
- Word classes are also referred to as parts of speech or lexical categories.
- Word class is determined by grammatical behavior, not solely by meaning. Example: "perform" (verb) and "performance" (noun) despite both relating to the same activity.
- Inflectional behavior (how a word changes according to grammatical context) differs between words in the same semantic field.
Affixes in Derivational Morphology
- Derivational morphology often involves affixes (prefixes or suffixes) to modify the form and create new lexical items.
- Affixes frequently change the word class of a base word, but not always.
Adverbs Derived from Adjectives
- Adverbs can be derived from adjectives by adding the suffix "-ly".
- Not all adverbs end in "-ly," there are also simple, monomorphemic adverbs (e.g., "often", "never").
- Some adverbs are formed through conversion from adjectives (e.g., "fast", "hard").
Nouns Derived from Nouns
- Nouns can be derived from other nouns by using various suffixes (e.g. –ess).
- Using suffixes to derive nouns from other nouns in the same word class create new lexemes, but the word classes remain the same.
Nouns Derived from Other Word Classes (e.g. Adjectives, Verbs)
- Typical suffixes used to derive nouns from adjectives include "-ity," "-ness," and "-ism" which often indicate 'property of being.'
- Numerous suffixes exist for deriving nouns from verbs; examples include "-ance/ence," "-ment," "-ing," "-((a)tion)," "-al," and "-er."
- "-er" suffixes are often agent nouns, which describe a person performing an action.
Adjectives Derived from Adjectives
- Prefixes ("un-", "in-") are more common than suffixes in creating new adjectives from other adjectives .
- The prefix "un-" creates negations (e.g., "unhappy").
- The prefix "in-" has various allomorphs (e.g., "illegal", "impossible", "irresponsible").
Adjectives Derived from Other Word Classes (e.g., Verbs, Nouns)
- Suffixes such as "-ing," "-ed," "-en," and vowel changes create adjectives from verbs.
- Suffixes like "-able," "-ent/ant," and "-ive" are used to derive adjectives from verbs.
- Suffixes such as "-ful," "-less," "-al" and "-ish" are used to produce adjectives from other nouns.
Verbs Derived from Verbs
- Verbs are often derived from other verbs using only prefixes, not suffixes.
- Common prefixes include "re-" (for repetition), and negative prefixes ("un-", "de-", "dis-").
Verbs Derived from Other Word Classes (e.g. Nouns, Adjectives)
- Affixes like "de-," "-ise," and "-fy" derive verbs from nouns and adjectives.
Other Derivational Methods
- There are non-affixal methods of derivation, including stress shifts and vowel/consonant changes.
- The examples are important, but not the central focus.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the concepts of derivational morphology and word classes. You will learn how new words are created from existing ones and how words are categorized into different parts of speech. Test your understanding of lexical categories and their grammatical behaviors.
