English Grammar: Sentence Structure and Verb Conjugation

Sentence Structure

• Subject + Verb (base form) + Object (if necessary)
• The verb remains in its base form, except for the third person singular (he, she, it)

Verb Conjugation

• The verb conjugation for the present simple is as follows:
  • I/you/we/they: base form (e.g. go)
  • he/she/it: base form + -s (e.g. goes)
• Examples:
  • I go to school.
  • You eat breakfast at 8am.
  • He studies English every day.
  • She lives in Paris.
  • It rains a lot in London.
  • We play soccer on Sundays.
  • They travel to Europe every summer.

Question Formation

• To form a question in the present simple, invert the subject and verb:
  • Do/does + subject + verb (base form)
• Examples:
  • Do you like coffee?
  • Does she speak French?
  • Do they live in New York?
  • Does it snow in winter?

Negative Sentences

• To form a negative sentence in the present simple, use the auxiliary verb "do" or "does" with the negation "not":
  • I/you/we/they: do not (don't) + verb (base form)
  • he/she/it: does not (doesn't) + verb (base form)
• Examples:
  • I don't like broccoli.
  • You don't speak Spanish.
  • He doesn't eat meat.
  • She doesn't live in Tokyo.
  • It doesn't snow in summer.
  • We don't play tennis.
  • They don't travel to Asia.

Sentence Structure

• A sentence in the present simple consists of a subject, a verb in its base form, and an object if necessary.
• The verb remains in its base form, except for the third person singular (he, she, it).

Verb Conjugation

• The present simple verb conjugation is as follows:
  • I/you/we/they take the base form of the verb.
  • he/she/it take the base form + -s.
• Examples of verb conjugation:
  • I go (base form)
  • He goes (base form + -s)
  • You eat (base form)
  • She lives (base form + -s)
  • It rains (base form + -s)
  • We play (base form)
  • They travel (base form)

Question Formation

• To form a question in the present simple, invert the subject and verb.
• The question format is: Do/does + subject + verb (base form).
• Examples of question formation:
  • Do you like coffee?
  • Does she speak French?
  • Do they live in New York?
  • Does it snow in winter?

Negative Sentences

• To form a negative sentence in the present simple, use the auxiliary verb "do" or "does" with the negation "not".
• The negative sentence format is:
  • I/you/we/they: do not (don't) + verb (base form).
  • he/she/it: does not (doesn't) + verb (base form).
• Examples of negative sentences:
  • I don't like broccoli.
  • You don't speak Spanish.
  • He doesn't eat meat.
  • She doesn't live in Tokyo.
  • It doesn't snow in summer.
  • We don't play tennis.
  • They don't travel to Asia.

Present Progressive

Grammar Rules

• Used to describe an ongoing action at the moment of speaking
• Describes temporary or changing situations
• Expresses annoyance, irritation, or frustration
• Used to talk about future plans or arrangements

Verb Forms

• Formed with present tense of "to be" (am, is, are) + present participle of main verb (-ing form)
• Examples: I am writing, you are studying, he/she/it is working, we are learning, they are playing

Sentence Structure

Affirmative Sentence

• Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
• Examples: I am studying for my exam, They are building a new house

Negative Sentence

• Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing
• Examples: I am not studying for my exam, They are not building a new house

Interrogative Sentence

• Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?
• Examples: Am I studying for my exam?, Are they building a new house?