English Grammar: Sentence Structure and Verb Conjugation

Study Notes

Subject + Verb (base form) + Object (if necessary)
The verb remains in its base form, except for the third person singular (he, she, it)

The verb conjugation for the present simple is as follows:
- I/you/we/they: base form (e.g. go)
- he/she/it: base form + -s (e.g. goes)
Examples:
- I go to school.
- You eat breakfast at 8am.
- He studies English every day.
- She lives in Paris.
- It rains a lot in London.
- We play soccer on Sundays.
- They travel to Europe every summer.

To form a question in the present simple, invert the subject and verb:
- Do/does + subject + verb (base form)
Examples:
- Do you like coffee?
- Does she speak French?
- Do they live in New York?
- Does it snow in winter?

To form a negative sentence in the present simple, use the auxiliary verb "do" or "does" with the negation "not":
- I/you/we/they: do not (don't) + verb (base form)
- he/she/it: does not (doesn't) + verb (base form)
Examples:
- I don't like broccoli.
- You don't speak Spanish.
- He doesn't eat meat.
- She doesn't live in Tokyo.
- It doesn't snow in summer.
- We don't play tennis.
- They don't travel to Asia.

A sentence in the present simple consists of a subject, a verb in its base form, and an object if necessary.
The verb remains in its base form, except for the third person singular (he, she, it).

The present simple verb conjugation is as follows:
- I/you/we/they take the base form of the verb.
- he/she/it take the base form + -s.
Examples of verb conjugation:
- I go (base form)
- He goes (base form + -s)
- You eat (base form)
- She lives (base form + -s)
- It rains (base form + -s)
- We play (base form)
- They travel (base form)

To form a question in the present simple, invert the subject and verb.
The question format is: Do/does + subject + verb (base form).
Examples of question formation:
- Do you like coffee?
- Does she speak French?
- Do they live in New York?
- Does it snow in winter?

To form a negative sentence in the present simple, use the auxiliary verb "do" or "does" with the negation "not".
The negative sentence format is:
- I/you/we/they: do not (don't) + verb (base form).
- he/she/it: does not (doesn't) + verb (base form).
Examples of negative sentences:
- I don't like broccoli.
- You don't speak Spanish.
- He doesn't eat meat.
- She doesn't live in Tokyo.
- It doesn't snow in summer.
- We don't play tennis.
- They don't travel to Asia.

Formed with present tense of "to be" (am, is, are) + present participle of main verb (-ing form)
Examples: I am writing, you are studying, he/she/it is working, we are learning, they are playing