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Questions and Answers
What are the two adjectives in the sentence 'The beautiful, elegant piano was difficult to move'?
Which type of adjectives are 'three', 'hungry', and 'white' in the sentence 'The three hungry white bears swam in the river'?
How many adjectives are in the sentence 'There were 700 of these cages hanging in the castle and all with beautiful birds in them'?
What is the function of an adjective in a sentence?
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How can adjectives be used in a sentence?
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What type of adjectives are 'old', 'deep', and 'gloomy' in the sentence 'There was once an old castle that stood in the middle of a deep, gloomy wood'?
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What is special about the word 'hundred' in the sentence 'When any young man came within a hundred paces of her castle'?
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What do cumulative adjectives usually come from?
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How are coordinate adjectives separated?
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What will be covered in the next video?
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What is the main purpose of using adjectives in a sentence?
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What is the term for a combination of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning?
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Which of the following is an example of forming an adjective by adding a suffix to a noun?
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What is the effect of adding the prefix 'in-' to an adjective?
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Which of the following is an example of forming an adjective by adding a suffix to a verb?
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What is the primary function of an adjective in a sentence?
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In the sentence 'The bright, large house is beautiful,' what type of adjectives are 'bright' and 'large'?
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In the sentence 'The waiter dropped a tall baby chair,' what is the correct order of the adjectives?
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What is the correct order for using cumulative adjectives in a sentence?
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Why are 'delicious' and 'bright' both adjectives in the sentence 'The bright red apple tasted delicious'?
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Why is it challenging to identify the difference between coordinate and cumulative adjectives?
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What is the main difference between coordinate and cumulative adjectives?
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What happens to the meaning of a sentence when coordinate adjectives are used in a different order?
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How can the word 'hundred' be used in a sentence?
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What is the most effective way to improve your understanding of adjectives?
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Study Notes
Review of Pronouns
- Reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
- Used to refer to the person or animal that is the subject of the verb
- Example: Jamie can't forgive himself for what he did.
- Reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
- Used when two or more people do the same thing
- Example: they like each other.
- Demonstrative pronouns: this, these, that, those
- Refer to a specific thing to indicate whether it is close or far in space and/or time
- Example: this flower here is more beautiful than that one over there.
- Relative pronouns: who, whom, which, that
- Used to introduce relative clauses
- Example: I can't believe it. That never should have happened.
- Interrogative pronouns: who, what, where, whom, which, whose
- Used to ask questions
- Example: where is the party?
- Indefinite pronouns: somewhere, anyone, nobody, and more
- Used to refer to non-specific people or things
- Example: can someone help me, please?
Adjectives
- Used to describe nouns such as people, objects, events, substances, and ideas
- Can elevate spoken and written English and help express thoughts and feelings more clearly and vividly
- Examples: I found a bag today. (basic sentence) vs. I found a beautiful red silk bag today. (sentence with adjectives)
- Some adjectives have only one form (e.g. tall, fat, cute, simple, long)
- Some adjectives can become their opposite meaning or antonym by adding a prefix (e.g. legal, illegal; sensitive, insensitive)
- Adjectives can be formed by adding a suffix to a noun (e.g. hair, hairy; beauty, beautiful) or verb (e.g. attract, attractive; enjoy, enjoyable)
- Adjectives can be used in three different ways in a sentence:
- Between an article and a noun (e.g. I'm eating a juicy strawberry)
- After a linking verb (e.g. The classroom is empty. Ben is handsome)
- After a noun or indefinite pronoun (e.g. is there anything special I should buy from the shop?)
Cumulative Adjectives
- Used when the adjectives are from different categories, such as size, age, or quantity, and must be used in a specific order
- Recognizable because if you change their order, the sentence no longer makes sense or holds the same meaning
- Examples: the waiter dropped a tall baby chair; I have two tall pink makeup brushes
Coordinate Adjectives
- Used when two or more adjectives individually modify a noun and are separated by a comma
- Can be used in any order without changing the meaning of the sentence
- Examples: the gigantic, impressive tree; she was a smart, beautiful woman; she was a beautiful, smart woman
Practice Exercises
- Identify adjectives in sentences
- Practice using cumulative and coordinate adjectives in sentences
- Read a fairy tale extract and identify adjectives in the text
Adjectives
- An adjective is a word used to describe nouns such as people, objects, events, substances, and ideas.
- Adjectives help to elevate spoken and written English and aid in clearly expressing thoughts and feelings.
Characteristics of Adjectives
- Some adjectives have only one form (e.g., tall, fat, cute, simple, long).
- Other adjectives can be created by adding a prefix (e.g., legal, illegal; sensitive, insensitive) or a suffix (e.g., hair, hairy; beauty, beautiful) to a word.
- Adjectives can also be formed by adding a suffix to a verb (e.g., attract, attractive; enjoy, enjoyable).
Using Adjectives in Sentences
- Adjectives can be used in three different ways in a sentence:
- Between an article and a noun (e.g., I'm eating a juicy strawberry).
- After a linking verb (e.g., The classroom is empty. Ben is handsome.).
- After a noun or indefinite pronoun (e.g., Is there anything special I should buy from the shop?).
Cumulative Adjectives
- Cumulative adjectives are used when adjectives are from different categories (e.g., size, age, quantity) and must be used in a specific order.
- The general order for using cumulative adjectives is:
- Quantity (e.g., one, two, six, entire).
- Opinion (e.g., nice, friendly, annoying, charming).
- Size or measurement (e.g., big, small, tall, tiny, large).
- Age (e.g., old, young, mature, elderly).
- Shape (e.g., round, triangular, bent).
- Color (e.g., rose, gold, faded, bright).
- Proper adjectives (e.g., Christian, shaman, indigenous).
- Material (e.g., wooden, cotton, silk).
- Purpose (e.g., makeup, brush, dining room).
- Changing the order of cumulative adjectives can alter the meaning of the sentence.
Coordinate Adjectives
- Coordinate adjectives individually modify a noun and are separated by a comma.
- They are usually from the same category of adjectives (e.g., gigantic, impressive; beautiful, smart).
- Coordinate adjectives can be used in any order without changing the meaning of the sentence.
Practice Exercise
- Identify adjectives in a given text (e.g., old, deep, gloomy, young, pretty, beautiful).
- Notice how adjectives can function as different parts of speech depending on their context (e.g., hundred as an adjective or noun).
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Description
Review reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, etc.) and reciprocal pronouns (each other) in this English grammar lesson. Learn how to use them correctly in sentences.
