Questions and Answers
What was established to alleviate the suffering of the Filipino people during the Japanese occupation?
When did the construction of the Caliraya Dam begin?
Which entity issued Executive Order 15-W in 1944?
What department replaced the Department of National Defense and Communications in 1945?
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What limited resources did the Department of Public Works and Communications face in 1946?
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Who replaced Basilio Valdes as Secretary of Public Works and Communications?
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What was the primary funding source for the rehabilitation of infrastructure after World War II?
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Which act authorized the cooperation between the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads and the Philippine Bureau of Public Works?
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What was the major engineering contribution discussed?
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Which structure was constructed by Iktinos in Ancient Greece?
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Which ancient civilization built an extensive system of aqueducts?
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What is considered an engineering marvel built at the height of the Inca Empire?
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Which construction is attributed to General Meng T'ien?
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Which of these ancient irrigation projects was constructed by the Hohokam Indians?
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What notable structure was built in France by the Romans?
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Which roadway was built in the 1500s AD in Eastern Branch, TX?
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What was the purpose of the National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority created by Republic Act No. 1383?
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Which year marked the opening of Ambuklao Dam after its construction began?
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Which act established the first road classification system in the Philippines?
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What is the maximum water storage capacity of Ambuklao Dam?
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What significant action regarding the Civil Engineering law was taken in 1956?
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What organization was founded in London in 1818 as the world's first engineering society?
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In what year was the first civil engineering degree in the United States awarded?
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Who was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer known for constructing the Eddystone Lighthouse?
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Which institution was the first to grant a civil engineering degree to a woman?
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What does the Royal Charter of the Institution of Civil Engineers formally recognize?
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Which field is least associated with the multidisciplinary nature of civil engineering?
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What term was coined in the 18th century to distinguish civilian from military engineering?
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What type of engineering was taught at the first engineering school opened in France in 1747?
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What was the main purpose of Republic Act 6234 enacted in 1971?
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Which major event marked the beginning of the Martial Law years in the Philippines?
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What did Presidential Decree 223, issued in 1973, accomplish?
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What did the enactment of No. 5181 in 1967 require from aliens concerning professional practice?
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What was one of the demands in the construction industry during the early 1970s?
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What major change occurred with the Philippine National Railways (PNR) in 1971?
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What was a significant effect of the Martial Law years on the construction industry?
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Which organization was granted the registration certificate No. 53896 in December 1973?
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Study Notes
Contributions to Civil Engineering
- Monumental engineering achievements were made using simple mathematics and tools, leading to advancements in construction techniques, particularly with shaped stones.
- Ancient structures include:
- Qanat water management system: Over 3000 years old, extends more than 71 km.
- Parthenon: Constructed in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC) by architect Iktinos.
- Appian Way: Built by Roman engineers around 312 BC.
- Great Wall of China: Built around 220 BC under General Meng T’ien.
- Significant structures in Sri Lanka like Jetavanaramaya stupas and irrigation systems in Anuradhapura.
Evolution of Civil Engineering
- The Romans pioneered civil engineering with innovative structures such as aqueducts, bridges, dams, and roads.
- Notable historical projects:
- Sennacherib's Aqueduct in Jerwan (691 BC).
- Julius Caesar's Bridge over the Rhine (55 BC).
- Pont du Gard, a famous Roman aqueduct in Nimes, France (19 BC).
- Extensive highway systems to support military and trade operations.
Academic Developments
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: First civil engineering courses in the U.S. established in 1824; first degree awarded in 1835.
- Growth in engineering faculties worldwide during the 19th and 20th centuries.
- The term "civil engineering" became prominent in the 18th century, differentiating it from military engineering.
Professional Institutions
- Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers: Formed in 1771 by John Smeaton, the first civil engineer recognized for his work on Eddystone Lighthouse.
- Institution of Civil Engineers: Established in London in 1818, received a Royal Charter in 1828, solidifying civil engineering as a profession.
Civil Engineering in the Philippines
- Caliraya Dam: Located in Laguna, initiated in 1939; first hydroelectric plant began operation in 1942, serving as a recreational area.
- Post-WWII reconstruction involved U.S. financial aid for infrastructure rehabilitation.
- The Department of Public Works and Communications was reorganized multiple times throughout the years.
Legislative Framework
- 1946 saw the formation of the National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority under Republic Act No. 1383.
- Philippine Highway Act (1953): Established a national road classification system.
- Ambuklao Dam: Construction began in 1950, completed in 1956, designed for hydroelectric power and flood control.
Changes During the Martial Law Era
- Demand for civil engineers rose during the construction boom in the Middle East (1965-1973).
- Significant policies and acts such as Republic Act 6234 (1971) replaced NAWASA with the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) to manage water supply and sewerage.
Professional Regulation
- Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) established in 1973 to regulate professions, including civil engineering.
- The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, Inc. (PICE) was formally recognized by the SEC in December 1973.
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Description
Explore the milestones of ancient engineering and architecture through this quiz. Learn about the techniques used to create lasting monuments and the innovations in building with shaped stones. Delve into the contributions of engineers who shaped our historical landscape.
