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Questions and Answers
Which challenge is addressed by projects focusing on low-cost ventilators?
Which challenge is addressed by projects focusing on low-cost ventilators?
What type of vehicle is associated with the future mobility challenge?
What type of vehicle is associated with the future mobility challenge?
Which of the following projects requires material selection exercises?
Which of the following projects requires material selection exercises?
Which of the following projects is NOT mentioned in relation to the MAVT Grand Challenges?
Which of the following projects is NOT mentioned in relation to the MAVT Grand Challenges?
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What type of projects does the course emphasize?
What type of projects does the course emphasize?
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What is a key characteristic of parallel projection?
What is a key characteristic of parallel projection?
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Which type of projection allows for measuring dimensions directly on the drawing?
Which type of projection allows for measuring dimensions directly on the drawing?
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What distinguishes perspective projection from parallel projection?
What distinguishes perspective projection from parallel projection?
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In what scenario is parallel projection primarily used?
In what scenario is parallel projection primarily used?
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What can happen to dimensions of elements in perspective projection?
What can happen to dimensions of elements in perspective projection?
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Which aspect does NOT apply to parallel projections?
Which aspect does NOT apply to parallel projections?
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Which type of projection is often used in design and architecture?
Which type of projection is often used in design and architecture?
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What is the main purpose of perspective projection in visual representation?
What is the main purpose of perspective projection in visual representation?
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What is required for effective communication of product goals?
What is required for effective communication of product goals?
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What is the initial step in the concept generation process?
What is the initial step in the concept generation process?
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What does the term 'solution-independent' imply in product development?
What does the term 'solution-independent' imply in product development?
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Which statement best describes a challenge in understanding user needs?
Which statement best describes a challenge in understanding user needs?
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Which phase follows the Requirements stage in the systematic approach to concept generation?
Which phase follows the Requirements stage in the systematic approach to concept generation?
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What is a goal of developing a user understanding?
What is a goal of developing a user understanding?
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Which of the following best describes 'Systematic Exploration' in concept generation?
Which of the following best describes 'Systematic Exploration' in concept generation?
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Which of the following best describes what is meant by 'latent needs'?
Which of the following best describes what is meant by 'latent needs'?
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During which stage is 'Reflection' primarily utilized?
During which stage is 'Reflection' primarily utilized?
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What is the purpose of the 'Concept Selection' phase?
What is the purpose of the 'Concept Selection' phase?
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Why is it important to establish priorities for product functionalities?
Why is it important to establish priorities for product functionalities?
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What aspect of user expectations is crucial for product fitness?
What aspect of user expectations is crucial for product fitness?
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding user devices and their requirements?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding user devices and their requirements?
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What should you consider when selecting perspectives for sketching objects?
What should you consider when selecting perspectives for sketching objects?
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What does the term 'mobbing' refer to in the context provided?
What does the term 'mobbing' refer to in the context provided?
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Which technique can assist in improving the quality of initial sketches?
Which technique can assist in improving the quality of initial sketches?
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What is a defining characteristic of sexual harassment as mentioned?
What is a defining characteristic of sexual harassment as mentioned?
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How can you validate the quality of a sketch?
How can you validate the quality of a sketch?
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In the context provided, what does the phrase 'Stand up for respect' imply?
In the context provided, what does the phrase 'Stand up for respect' imply?
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Which of the following best describes what sexual harassment does NOT include?
Which of the following best describes what sexual harassment does NOT include?
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What is an example of bullying mentioned in the content?
What is an example of bullying mentioned in the content?
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What is one key characteristic of technical drawings?
What is one key characteristic of technical drawings?
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Which of the following is NOT a main type of view in technical drawings?
Which of the following is NOT a main type of view in technical drawings?
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What does a long-dashed dotted narrow line typically represent in technical drawings?
What does a long-dashed dotted narrow line typically represent in technical drawings?
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Which line type is used for termination of partial or interrupted views?
Which line type is used for termination of partial or interrupted views?
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Which statement best reflects the purpose of common practices in technical drawings?
Which statement best reflects the purpose of common practices in technical drawings?
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What feature defines the 'readable' aspect of technical drawings?
What feature defines the 'readable' aspect of technical drawings?
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Which line type is utilized to represent hidden outlines and edges in technical drawings?
Which line type is utilized to represent hidden outlines and edges in technical drawings?
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What is the role of ISO norms in technical drawings?
What is the role of ISO norms in technical drawings?
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Study Notes
Engineering Design and Material Selection Lecture 1 - Introduction and Sketching
- The lecture covers engineering design and material selection
- The instructor is Prof. Dr. Kristina Shea and Dr. Tino Stankovic
- This lecture introduces mechanical engineering
- Images of various mechanical engineering designs were shown, including a boat, medical device, gliders, and wind turbine
Engineering Design: Basic Process
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The engineering design process has 5 main phases
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Phase 0: Planning
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Phase 1: Concept Development
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Phase 2: System-Level Design
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Phase 3: Detail Design
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Phase 4: Testing & Refinement
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Phase 5: Production Ramp-Up
Topic Overview
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Sketches, Technical Drawings, 2D/3D Representations, Computer-Assisted Design (CAD), Additive Manufacturing, Sustainable Design, Design Process, Requirements, Ideation, Prototyping, Material Properties, Ashby Diagrams, Sustainable Materials, Working in Small Teams, Manufacturing, Material Selection, and Working in Small Teams are discussed
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The course is practice-oriented, addressing grand challenges in healthcare, mobility, and sustainable materials
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Specific case studies include low-cost ventilators, electric vehicles, and sustainable skis
Course Schedule
- The provided schedule outlines weekly topics, lectures, exercises, case studies, quizzes, and lecturers.
Learning Objectives
- The learning objectives focus on creative, systematic approaches to design tasks, concept generation, evaluation, material selection suitable for mechanical parts/assemblies
- Students will develop an understanding of the relationships between engineering design, manufacturing, and material selection.
- Students need to learn about the major grand challenges related to healthcare, mobility and sustainable materials
- There are hands-on, practical exercises connected to real-world problems.
- Teamwork and critical thinking skills are emphasized
Course Information
- Lectures occur weekly
- Exercises occur weekly.
- Lecture time is 1 hour per week, Exercise time is 3 hours per week.
- All course material is available on the Moodle platform
- There are 2 mandatory quizzes (one in week 7, and the second in week 13, each having a different time and number of questions, also different weights assigned to each)
- The course fee is CHF 14 per student.
Exercises + Quizzes
- Hand in exercises to get feedback from tutors.
- Mandatory quizzes are held in the regular exercise sessions.
- There are two mandatory quizzes during the exercise sessions.
- The quizzes are closed-book.
- A sample quiz will be available on Moodle in Week 6.
EDAC Team for EDMS
- The EDAC team is responsible for the course.
- Team members include the instructor and several exercise leaders
Course Relation to Bachelor Study
- This course is related to mechanics (I & II), machine design, innovation projects, and engineering materials.
- The course covers various electives and focus courses.
Learning Objectives - Lecture 1
- Students gain knowledge of engineering design and the design process
- Students understand the need for new mechanical ventilators and fundamental design
- Students learn sketching and projections/views
Case Study on Health Introduction: A Mechanical Ventilator
- Most current medical devices are expensive, break in harsh environments, and are difficult to maintain.
- They are often designed for well-trained users, not suitable for resource-constrained conditions.
- The need for a new mechanical ventilator addresses these deficiencies.
Mechanical Ventilators
- Ventilators are commonly used in medical transport, trauma, post-surgical care, and sepsis.
- Low- and Middle-Income Countries have a significantly lower ratio of ventilators per 100,000 people compared to Europe.
Principle of a Mechanical Ventilator
- Resuscitator bags are common in manual resuscitation
- They are inexpensive and readily available.
From a Need to a Product
- The design process involves sketching, various prototypes, and integrated components
- The process progresses from concept to prototype integration and refinement
It takes an interdisciplinary TEAM to...
- The various design phases/prototypes developed required participation by medical professionals
What is needed to be a good engineer?
- Engineering requires talent, hard work, and learning
- Understanding of needed technologies is important
- Anyone can learn to become a good engineer
Conveying Ideas Graphically
- The device proposed includes a curved surface, a holding region, a compression squeezer, a powered actuator, and a region for storing the bag during squeezing.
Different Representations
- Different types of depictions are used to communicate design details such as sketches, technical drawings, three-dimensional models, and color photo-realistic renders.
An Introduction to Sketching
- Sketching is an important tool used to communicate ideas, often during early design stages.
- Various tools are used including pens, pencils, tablets, etc..
- This skill can be learned
Process from Mental Model to a Sketch
- Sketch design process steps
- Define goals.
- Build mental representation.
- Select a representation mode.
- Create a sketch.
- Validate.
Define Goals for Sketches
- Define the target audience, intended purpose, and information required for the sketch.
- Include types of sketches: concept sketch, function-oriented sketch, design sketch, and support sketch
Projections: What do I want to show?
- Determine the viewpoints and projections.
Taxonomy of Projections
- Parallel Projections - Orthogonal - Top - Front - Side - Axonometric - Isometric - Dimetric - Trimetric - Oblique - Cavalier - Cabinet - Perspective - One-point, Two-point, Three-point
Perspective Projection
- The projection method uses projecting lines from the object to the projection plane, passing through a single vanishing point
Sketching One and Two-Point Perspective Projections
- The projection method uses vanishing points on a horizon line.
Parallel Projection
- The projection method uses parallel projection lines to the projection plane
Parallel vs Perspective Projection
- Two techniques that represent physical objects.
- Technical drawings generally use parallel projections, while design drawings more closely mimic an observer's perception using perspective projections
Orthogonal Projection
- A technique used in technical drawings
Axonometric Projections
- A 3D projection method. - Isometric - Dimetric - Trimetric
Oblique Projections
- A 3D projection method. - Cavalier - Cabinet
Circular Shapes in Parallel Projections
- Circles appear as circles in isometric and orthogonal projections but in cabinet projection they become an ellipse.
Sketching Circles and Ellipses
- A visualization of circles and ellipses, demonstrating how to create different shapes to illustrate/represent the details in a sketch
Sketching Techniques
- Two approaches for sketching
- Outline and refine
- Reduce to basic structure and complete.
Examples from Student Work - "Mechanized Latrine Emptying"
- The images provide examples from student design assignments, and highlight design approaches
Checklist for Validating Sketches
- A checklist providing questions to use and consider to check the quality of sketches
Validate: Scale and proportion
- A method to validate sketches considering scale.
What is needed to be a good engineer?
- Multiple choice answers
Engineering Design and Sketching: Wrap-up
- Summary of the lecture
Exercise 1: Sketching and Engineering Design
- This exercise involves sketching objects
Stand up for respect!
- A presentation on the issue of respect
Where does the joking end?
- A presentation on respectful workplace behavior
Where can I find help?
- Information and contact details to report or seek advice about inappropriate or disrespectful behavior
Ellipses and Circles
- Discussion of orthogonal projections of ellipses and circles.
Overview of Key Elements in Engineering Design
- Highlighting the interconnectedness of engineering design components.
- User
- Process
- Product
- Organization
- Models
- Methods
A Product Development Process
- Explains the 5 phases of the product development process
Phase 1: Concept Development
- Explains the purpose and tasks involved in concept development
Product Development – An Interdisciplinary Process
- Discusses the importance of diverse teams in product development, and challenges related to effective inter-team communications
Requirement Definition
- Details what is required to fulfill a need
- Definition of a binding contract.
Which Device Fits Your Requirements?
- A multiple choice quiz question about charging devices
Challenges of Understanding User Needs
- Discusses the complexity of understanding user needs
Types of User Needs
- Explains explicit and latent needs.
Product Specifications: Motivation
- Focuses on the process of translating the needs into precise targets.
Product Specifications: What are they?
- Details precise specifications, and their importance in product development, using a diagram.
Product Specifications: Bicycle Example
- An example demonstrating how to implement specifications for a bicycle design.
Establishing Product Specifications
- Details specifying product parameters such as those used in testing
Ideal and Marginal Values
- Explains ideal and marginal values
Mechanical Ventilator: Product Goals
- Outlines product goals for a mechanical ventilator
Technical Specifications
- Provides detailed specifications about the mechanical ventilator.
Requirements can be very specific, i.e. to follow a curve
- Detailed description of volume-controlled ventilation with a graph.
Technical Drawings Key Components
- Provides information on the components of good technical drawings.
Main Types of Views
- Describes the different views in orthogonal projections and section views.
First Example: Cover Plate
- Shows a 3D model of a cover plate.
Cover Plate: Which View Should Be The Principal View?
- Multiple choice questions concerning technical drawings.
First Angle Projection Method
- Describes the method used to project objects' views from a 3D object to a 2D plane
Arranging Views: First Angle Projection Method
- Explains the rules for organizing views using the first-angle projection method
Third Angle Projection Method
- Illustrates the third-angle projection method.
Arranging Views: Third Angle Projection Method
- Further instruction on the arrangement views in the third-angle projection method
Selecting Views: Use The Fewest Views Needed
- The optimal number of views to be used for technical drawings
Cuts and Sections
- Explanations on the hatching, and cutting planes for technical drawings.
General Representation Rules II
- Illustration of common rule applications
Types of Sections
- Discusses different types of cross sectional cuts, for illustrative purposes
Hatching
- Explaining how to indicate differing parts using hatching
Choice of Cuts
- Discusses various cut options in technical drawings
Second Example: Motor Holding Plate
- Explaining aspects of a component in the form of a 3D model and illustration
Motor Holding Plate: Which View Should Be the Principal View?
- Multiple choice questions on choosing the principal view in technical drawings
Motor Holding Plate: Possible Orthogonal Projections
- Illustrative images/drawing showing examples of possible orthogonal projections
Showing What is Inside: Hidden Lines
- Explaining hidden lines in technical drawings
Showing What Is Inside: Cuts and Sections
- Detailed explanations of various cutting planes used in engineering drawings
More Complex Cutting Planes Are Possible
- Explanations of how more or less complex cutting planes are possible for technical drawings
Tips for Choosing Projected Views
- Tips on how to choose the appropriate views for technical drawings
Tips for Sections
- Additional tips on section views
Final Drawing
- Instructions on how to complete final drawings.
Question: Which Section Cut is Shown?
- A multiple choice question related to section cuts in technical drawings.
Checklist for Verifying Your Technical Drawings
- A checklist for validating technical drawings
Reading Technical Drawings: From 2D Back To 3D
- Instructions for reading 2D technical drawings
Exercise 3: Projections and Cuts + CAD Intro
- Exercise related to 3D model projections and CAD design considerations
Electric Mobility
- The presentation discusses the evolution of electric mobility through a series of photos of automobiles and motorcycles.
Mechanical Systems are Highly Interdisciplinary
- The relationship between different engineering disciplines in mechanical systems is visualized through a diagram
Introduction to Kyburz PLUS II
- Explaining a single person transport electric vehicle with various characteristics
CAD Model of the PLUS II: Exploded View
- Information about components in the PLUS II transport vehicle
Drivetrain
- Details of drivetrain components in the vehicle
Use of CAD Models in Product Development
- Importance and use of CAD in product development, highlighting various applications
Types of Geometric Models
- Various types of geometric models
Which Body is Represented by this Wireframe Model?
- Multiple choice questions on recognizing 3D models from their wireframe representations
Step 1 (3D Solid Models): Solid Primitives
- Describes basic 3D geometric shapes used in solid modeling
Step 2 (3D Solid Models): Boolean Set Operations
- A step in solid modeling that combines shapes
3D Solid Models I: Different Modeling Steps
- Shows a part that can be done following various steps
3D Solid Models II: Boundary Representation Model (B-rep)
- Explanations of 3D object representation through topology
Parametric Modeling
- Explains the application of parametric modeling in CAD and other areas
Sketch and Parametric Modeling – Overview
- Instructions for creating parametric model using sketches
Sketching in CAD systems
- A general overview of how 2D shapes and operations in CAD systems create 3D models
NX Sketching Example
- A specific illustration of the sketching process using NX
Suggested CAD Sketching Process
- Instructions on how a CAD sketching process should be carried out
Basic Sketch Geometry
- Explains the important characteristics of sketches
Reference Sketch Plane Selection
- How to choose the correct plane
Sketch Positioning
- Practical hints for positioning sketches
Constraints and Dimensions in Sketches
- Explanations on geometric and dimensional constraints
Constraining Sketches
- Discussions on constraints in sketching for consistency
Modeling Operations
- Three major sketch operations: extruding, revolving, sweeping
Extrusion
- A detailed demonstration of extruding on 2D shape examples (square and circle)
Revolving
- Demonstrates the revolving operation
Sweeping
- Presentation on the sweeping operation
Example: Wheel hub from the PLUS II
- Details of the wheel hub used in a small transport vehicle
Wheel hub modeling steps
- Explains the modeling approach to make the wheel hub
Modeling operations: which statements are true?
- True/False questions about modeling operations
CAD Introduction and Modeling Operations – Wrap-Up
- Summary of CAD basics, and modeling operations
Design Task:
- Explanations and examples on a design task using 3D printing
3D Models
- Explanations of different ways to represent 3D models
3D Surface Model
- Explanations of 3D surface model representation
Representations: Analytic vs. Parametric
- Explains the distinction and application of different model representations
Basics: Control Points, Interpolation and Approximation
- Detailing different interpolation methods
B-spline Curves
- Summary of basic explanations
B-spline Curves and Surfaces II
- Shows an overview of B-spline interpolation forms
B-spline Curves
- Important features of the B-spline function
Question: Bézier curves
- A multiple choice question on how to determine the degree of the curve
Bézier Curves
- Summary of Bézier curve features
B-spline Curves
- Discusses the generalized form of Bézier curves and surfaces, including aspects of control points and knot vectors
B-spline Curves and Surfaces II
- Explanations of the influence of control points on local areas of B-spline surfaces
B-spline Curves
- Summary description of B-spline segments
Question: Which control point(s) Pi affect the segment p4(t) if k = 3?
- A multiple choice question/quiz question.
Rational Curves
- Overview/summary of Bézier curves in rational form and applications of weighting parameters
NURBS Curves and Surfaces
- Explaining the details of non-uniform rational B-splines.
Lofting – Extrusion Based on Several Profiles
- Describes how lofting is used in design
Creating Splines and Surfaces in NX
- An introduction and description of splines in NX, covering creating sections and using ‘G1’, ‘G0’ 'G2’
Continuity between Curves and Surface Patches
- Details the different orders of continuity between surfaces and curves.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to engineering design challenges, especially in areas like low-cost ventilators and vehicle mobility. This quiz covers various types of projections and material selection in projects. Perfect for students and professionals in engineering disciplines.
