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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of adjusting the compensation mechanism in a governor?
What is the purpose of adjusting the compensation mechanism in a governor?
When should the compensation mechanism be adjusted?
When should the compensation mechanism be adjusted?
What should be done first after starting the engine and operating at idle speed for governor adjustment?
What should be done first after starting the engine and operating at idle speed for governor adjustment?
What indicates that the governor adjustment is satisfactory?
What indicates that the governor adjustment is satisfactory?
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What is a likely consequence of keeping the compensating needle valve closed?
What is a likely consequence of keeping the compensating needle valve closed?
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What is the primary function of the governor drive shaft in the Woodward governor system?
What is the primary function of the governor drive shaft in the Woodward governor system?
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What role do the flyweights play in the operation of the governor?
What role do the flyweights play in the operation of the governor?
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What holds the flyweights inwards during engine startup?
What holds the flyweights inwards during engine startup?
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How does the pilot valve function within the governor?
How does the pilot valve function within the governor?
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What happens to the oil flow when the centrifugal force of the flyweights increases?
What happens to the oil flow when the centrifugal force of the flyweights increases?
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What is the purpose of the hydraulic gear pump in the governor assembly?
What is the purpose of the hydraulic gear pump in the governor assembly?
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What occurs when the engine is first started regarding the pilot valve and oil flow?
What occurs when the engine is first started regarding the pilot valve and oil flow?
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What initiates the movement of the power piston upwards?
What initiates the movement of the power piston upwards?
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How does the power piston influence fuel injection rates?
How does the power piston influence fuel injection rates?
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What role do the flyweights play in maintaining engine speed?
What role do the flyweights play in maintaining engine speed?
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What happens when the engine speed exceeds the desired level?
What happens when the engine speed exceeds the desired level?
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What is the primary function of the electric solenoids in the speed setting system?
What is the primary function of the electric solenoids in the speed setting system?
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How is engine speed stabilized in the governor system?
How is engine speed stabilized in the governor system?
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Which component is affected by the centrifugal force exerted by the flyweights?
Which component is affected by the centrifugal force exerted by the flyweights?
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What determines the level to which the triangular plate is depressed?
What determines the level to which the triangular plate is depressed?
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Which of the following statements regarding the power piston is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the power piston is correct?
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What is the purpose of the 50 to 60 seconds delay when the engine is at idle?
What is the purpose of the 50 to 60 seconds delay when the engine is at idle?
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What happens at the fourth throttle position during the shutdown process?
What happens at the fourth throttle position during the shutdown process?
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How does the governor react when the speed setting oil is bled from the speed setting piston?
How does the governor react when the speed setting oil is bled from the speed setting piston?
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What indicates that the engine cannot be restarted immediately after shutdown?
What indicates that the engine cannot be restarted immediately after shutdown?
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What should be ensured regarding the governor oil during maintenance?
What should be ensured regarding the governor oil during maintenance?
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What is a common cause of governor problems?
What is a common cause of governor problems?
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What occurs when the hot oil detector and engine protective device activate?
What occurs when the hot oil detector and engine protective device activate?
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What is recommended when topping up or refilling the governor oil?
What is recommended when topping up or refilling the governor oil?
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What is the function of the alarm in the operator's cabin during a shutdown?
What is the function of the alarm in the operator's cabin during a shutdown?
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How does dirt in the governor oil affect engine performance?
How does dirt in the governor oil affect engine performance?
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What happens when the throttle is moved to a higher position?
What happens when the throttle is moved to a higher position?
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What is the role of the load regulator pilot valve in the load regulation system?
What is the role of the load regulator pilot valve in the load regulation system?
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How does the vane motor contribute to the load regulation system?
How does the vane motor contribute to the load regulation system?
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What triggers the depression of the triangular plate in the speed control system?
What triggers the depression of the triangular plate in the speed control system?
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What does the speed setting pilot valve regulate?
What does the speed setting pilot valve regulate?
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What function does the load regulator serve in relation to the main generator?
What function does the load regulator serve in relation to the main generator?
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What is the relationship between engine RPM and the load regulation system?
What is the relationship between engine RPM and the load regulation system?
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What component surrounds the speed setting pilot valve and assists in its operation?
What component surrounds the speed setting pilot valve and assists in its operation?
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Which mechanism does the load regulator pilot valve affect in locomotives with microprocessor control?
Which mechanism does the load regulator pilot valve affect in locomotives with microprocessor control?
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What initiates the flow of oil to the speed setting piston?
What initiates the flow of oil to the speed setting piston?
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What should be done after the compensating needle valve is closed and hunting stops?
What should be done after the compensating needle valve is closed and hunting stops?
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What indicates the need to adjust the compensating needle valve during operation?
What indicates the need to adjust the compensating needle valve during operation?
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Which action should be performed first upon starting the engine for governor adjustment?
Which action should be performed first upon starting the engine for governor adjustment?
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What is the consequence of closing the compensating needle valve too much during operation?
What is the consequence of closing the compensating needle valve too much during operation?
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What should be confirmed before considering the governor adjustment satisfactory?
What should be confirmed before considering the governor adjustment satisfactory?
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What effect does the centrifugal force from the flyweights have on the pilot valve when the engine is running at a sufficient speed?
What effect does the centrifugal force from the flyweights have on the pilot valve when the engine is running at a sufficient speed?
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How does the speeder spring influence the operation of the flyweights during engine startup?
How does the speeder spring influence the operation of the flyweights during engine startup?
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What is the role of the hydraulic gear pump within the governor system?
What is the role of the hydraulic gear pump within the governor system?
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Which component is responsible for controlling the flow of oil to and from the power piston?
Which component is responsible for controlling the flow of oil to and from the power piston?
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What happens to the power piston during the initial stages of engine startup?
What happens to the power piston during the initial stages of engine startup?
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What is the primary consequence of holding the pilot valve down during engine startup?
What is the primary consequence of holding the pilot valve down during engine startup?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the governor drive shaft and engine speed sensing?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the governor drive shaft and engine speed sensing?
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What is the role of the pilot valve plunger in maintaining engine speed?
What is the role of the pilot valve plunger in maintaining engine speed?
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How does the speed setting system adjust the throttle position?
How does the speed setting system adjust the throttle position?
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What happens to the power piston when engine speed surpasses the desired level?
What happens to the power piston when engine speed surpasses the desired level?
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What influences the position of the triangular plate in the speed setting system?
What influences the position of the triangular plate in the speed setting system?
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What mechanism ensures stable fuel delivery during fluctuations in engine speed?
What mechanism ensures stable fuel delivery during fluctuations in engine speed?
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What is the consequence of oil pressure building up under the power piston?
What is the consequence of oil pressure building up under the power piston?
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In what way do the flyweights contribute to the governor operation?
In what way do the flyweights contribute to the governor operation?
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What triggers the depression of the triangular plate involved in speed setting?
What triggers the depression of the triangular plate involved in speed setting?
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What is primarily affected when the governor system starts to lose oil pressure?
What is primarily affected when the governor system starts to lose oil pressure?
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What is a potential cause of false low lube pressure in an engine?
What is a potential cause of false low lube pressure in an engine?
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Which condition could lead to the shutdown of an engine due to low lube oil pressure?
Which condition could lead to the shutdown of an engine due to low lube oil pressure?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to false low lube pressure readings?
Which factor does NOT contribute to false low lube pressure readings?
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Identifying factors that can trigger false readings in engine oil pressure, which of the following is NOT associated with that condition?
Identifying factors that can trigger false readings in engine oil pressure, which of the following is NOT associated with that condition?
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Which component is primarily involved in detecting low cooling water in relation to lube pressure?
Which component is primarily involved in detecting low cooling water in relation to lube pressure?
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What effect does manual engagement of the lube oil line system have on oil pressure readings?
What effect does manual engagement of the lube oil line system have on oil pressure readings?
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What is the primary function of the triangular plate in the speed control system?
What is the primary function of the triangular plate in the speed control system?
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In what scenario can the E.P.D. trigger a shutdown of the engine?
In what scenario can the E.P.D. trigger a shutdown of the engine?
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How does the load regulator pilot valve influence the load regulation system?
How does the load regulator pilot valve influence the load regulation system?
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What normal condition is typically expected in the crankcase to prevent issues?
What normal condition is typically expected in the crankcase to prevent issues?
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What signals the start of oil flow to the speed setting piston when the throttle is raised?
What signals the start of oil flow to the speed setting piston when the throttle is raised?
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What component regulates the flow of oil to and from the load regular vane motor?
What component regulates the flow of oil to and from the load regular vane motor?
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Which of the following actions is associated with causing false lube pressure readings?
Which of the following actions is associated with causing false lube pressure readings?
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What is the outcome when the triangular plate compresses in the speed control system?
What is the outcome when the triangular plate compresses in the speed control system?
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What is the primary function of the hot oil detector in relation to lube pressure?
What is the primary function of the hot oil detector in relation to lube pressure?
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What happens in the load regulation system when the engine speed increases?
What happens in the load regulation system when the engine speed increases?
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What role does the vane motor play in the load regulation system?
What role does the vane motor play in the load regulation system?
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What mechanical action initiates changes in oil flow due to the movement of the throttle?
What mechanical action initiates changes in oil flow due to the movement of the throttle?
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Which of these systems provides a signal to the load regulator for controlling loading in microprocessor-managed locomotives?
Which of these systems provides a signal to the load regulator for controlling loading in microprocessor-managed locomotives?
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What would likely occur if the speed setting pilot valve is not depressed adequately?
What would likely occur if the speed setting pilot valve is not depressed adequately?
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Study Notes
Engine Speed Control
- Woodward PGR governors are used on the engines in this program.
- Governors regulate the amount of fuel delivered to engine cylinders by fuel injectors.
- Governors assist in controlling main generator output.
- Constant kilowatt output is maintained for each throttle position by balancing generator load with engine speed.
- Speed selection is accomplished by electric solenoids within the governor.
- Fuel control is through the governor's internal hydraulic system (electro-hydraulic).
- Governor senses engine RPM and adjusts layshaft position, regulating fuel injector output.
- Woodward governor is a complex precision device.
Governor Systems
- The governor has three main systems; Speed sensing, speed control, and load regulation.
- A complete hydraulic system lubricates internal parts and controls governor operation.
- Protective devices shut down the engine if pressure in the engine's lube oil system or cooling system fails.
Speed Sensing and Fuel Control
- Governor operation, as illustrated in Figure 8.2, involves fuel limit lock nuts, shutdown rod bushing locknut, shutdown bushing, power piston spring, flyweights, ball head, speed setting piston, oil bypass for maintaining constant pressure, compensating piston (integral with pilot valve plunger), and fuel delivery/increase and decrease.
- Precisely controlled fuel delivery maintains engine speed.
Speed Control
- Speed setting is accomplished by energizing electric solenoids (A, B, C, D).
- Varying solenoid combinations depress a triangular plate, controlling the speed setting piston.
- This affects oil flow to the speed setting piston, hence controlling engine speed.
- The D solenoid, when energized, lowers regulating port and thus reduces engine speeds.
- Speed setting pilot valve is raised and lowered by combinations of solenoids.
- Oil flow to the top of the speed setting piston is controlled by the speed setting pilot valve.
- The speed setting piston moves down, compresses the speeder spring.
Load Regulation
- This system (Figure 8.4) controls main generator excitation.
- Engine RPM and power output are balanced.
- Load regulator pilot valve controls oil flow.
- System compensates for barometric pressure changes.
- An overriding solenoid (ORS) reduces excitation when needed (e.g., wheel slip).
- The vane motor controls the current used for main generator excitation.
Protective Devices
- Low lube shutdown system protects the engine if mechanical support systems fail.
- Shutdown can be triggered by low oil pressure, or cooling system failure (detected by low cooling water or hot oil sensors), a positive crankcase pressure, or manually engaging the system.
Governor Maintenance
- Governor oil should be changed periodically.
- Sufficient clean oil should be maintained in the governor.
- Flushing with fuel oil or kerosene may restore performance if disassembling is not possible.
- Governor oil level should be between the lines on the sight glass.
Governor Qualifications
- Verify correct linkage and fuel rack operation.
- Check for correct injector operation.
- Examine engine operation and fuel system.
- Check governor compensation needle valve.
- Verify load on the engine.
- Check quadrant on the governor with the engine at maximum speed and full load.
- Check speed setting circuits.
- Check for misalignment, roughness, or excessive backlash in the governor.
- Flush governor as outlined in the chapter.
- Ensure that load on engine is not fluctuating, this can cause the engine RPM to vary.
- Inspect the quadrant for adequate clearances in cases of engine overload or insufficient fuel supply.
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Description
Explore the intricate workings of Woodward PGR governors in engine speed control. This quiz covers the fundamentals of how governors regulate fuel delivery, control generator output, and maintain constant kilowatt output through advanced hydraulic systems. Test your knowledge on speed sensing and load regulation systems.
