ENG3004 - Society and The Engineer: Historical Dimension
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What was the main cause for the nuclear power plant failure in Japan, based on the provided information?

  • Ignorance, carelessness, negligence
  • Insufficient knowledge
  • Objectively unknown situation
  • Earthquake and tsunami (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a primary cause of engineering disasters in the provided content?

  • Forgetfulness, error
  • Underestimation of influence
  • Lack of communication (correct)
  • Relying upon others without sufficient control

    • According to the content, what percentage of engineering disasters are attributed to 'Insufficient knowledge'?

  • 36% (correct)
  • 14%
  • 16%
  • 13%

    • Based on the content, what was the primary application of the steam engine in 1712?

    <p>Mining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a question raised in the content regarding the relationship between technology and society?

    <p>What are the ethical implications of technological advancements? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these historical periods saw the development of heavy iron casting used for guns, church bells, and machinery?

    <p>The Dark Ages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with dominating the Renaissance with their engineering, invention, and artistic contributions?

    <p>Leonardo da Vinci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary driving force behind the evolution of engineering during the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)?

    <p>The invention and advancement of steam engines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Whitworth's work during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>He advanced the development of screw-cutting and machine tools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these individuals is NOT associated with the development of the railway system during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>James Watt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'civil' when referring to 'civil engineering' in the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>It referred to engineering projects that benefited the civilian population in contrast to military projects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these accurately reflects the transformation in economies during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>A shift from agrarian and handicraft economies to industrial and urbanized economies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who popularized the term 'Industrial Revolution'?

    <p>Arnold Toynbee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the French and British approaches to engineering in the early stages of its development?

    <p>The French emphasized theoretical knowledge and university education, while the British focused on practical experience and professional societies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Second Industrial Revolution impact engineering?

    <p>It resulted in the development of new engineering fields, such as chemical and electrical engineering. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change that took place in engineering during the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Manufacturing shifted from artisanal to industrial research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which engineering field played a key role in the development of the telecommunications industry?

    <p>Electrical engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>A focus on artisanal manufacturing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did engineering curricula change during the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>They were established at the university level, including graduate programs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between individual inventions and systematic innovations?

    <p>Systematic innovations involve a collaborative effort to create a new product or process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of how engineering evolved during the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Workshops were increasingly replaced by laboratories, reflecting a shift from artisanal manufacturing to industrial research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have human beings contributed to historical change through innovation?

    <p>By designing and using various tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following historical periods is NOT associated with significant engineering advancements?

    <p>Dark Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did the Greeks make to engineering?

    <p>The invention of the screw (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which civilization is recognized for improving and adapting engineering designs during antiquity?

    <p>The Romans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a prominent engineering achievement of the Chinese civilization?

    <p>The development of the rotary fan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities would not be considered a form of early engineering?

    <p>Literature composition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the period characterized by significant advancements in the design and use of tools and machines?

    <p>Industrial Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invention is attributed to the Greeks in the realm of engineering?

    <p>Water wheel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the boom in engineering research and development after World War II?

    <p>The Cold War and the Sputnik effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas saw the establishment of its own extensive theories in engineering?

    <p>Manmade systems and technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of engineering was notably propelled by the development of turbojet and rocket engines?

    <p>Aerospace engineering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies significantly contributed to the information revolution?

    <p>Microelectronics, telecommunications, and computer engineering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the maturation of graduate engineering education?

    <p>Large-scale research and development organized at the national level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one result of intensive engineering research in the information age?

    <p>Development of systematic knowledge in various engineering sciences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT associated with the new technologies that stimulated engineering developments?

    <p>Biological engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major energy source was brought into play with the development of nuclear engineering?

    <p>Atomic and nuclear power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of technology as described in the content?

    <p>To address practical problems and improve living standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes sustaining technology?

    <p>Technologies that enhance existing products but do not fundamentally change them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does technology involve human freedom and responsibility?

    <p>Through choices that reflect ethical standards and regulatory considerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does disruptive technology focus on according to the content?

    <p>Creation of entirely new markets or segments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ethical consideration in technology use?

    <p>Ensuring user privacy and data protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tools and procedures play in technology?

    <p>They are essential for structuring technology-related activities and processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can technology transform the material world?

    <p>By changing and improving environments through tangible products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the nature of technology?

    <p>Technology operates independently of human choices and ethics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ENG3004 - Society and The Engineer

    • Lecture 2: Historical Dimension
      • Focuses on the historical context and development of engineering
      • Covers what engineering is, the history of engineering, why study engineering history, technology and society, and grand challenges for engineers.

    What is Engineering?

    • Definition #1
      • Engineering is a field encompassing development, acquisition and application of technical, scientific, and mathematical knowledge to understand design, develop, invent, innovate, and utilize materials, machines, structures, systems, and processes for specific purposes (e.g., airplanes).
    • Definition #2
      • Engineering is a profession where mathematical and natural science knowledge, gained through study, experience, and practice, is applied judiciously to economically utilize the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of humanity.

    History of Engineering

    • The history of engineering is intertwined with the history of civilization.
    • Engineering traces back to ancient times.
    • Examples include Pyramids, aqueducts, water wheels, and the aeolipile (Hero's turbine). Innovations from various eras (e.g. steam age, information age) also relate to engineering progress.

    Why Study History of Engineering?

    • Engineers have responsibilities for the technology they create.
    • Studying the history of engineering helps understand the causes of past successes and failures.
    • Understanding history is essential to avoid repeating past mistakes.

    Technology and Society

    • Questions to ask yourself:
      • When did engineering start?
      • How is engineering related to society?
      • How does engineering affect other members of society?
      • How is engineering's role changing?

    Five Major Characteristics of Technology

    • A form of human cultural activity
    • Essentially for practical purposes
    • Involves exercising human freedom and responsibility, particularly in choosing design approaches.
    • Derived from a belief in God or values.
    • Involves forming and transforming the material world.
    • Typically done with tools and procedures

    Sustaining vs. Disruptive Technologies

    • Sustaining Technology:
      • Incremental innovations in existing markets
      • Improves product performance to existing customers, along established performance dimensions
    • Disruptive Technology:
      • Creates a new market
      • Usually worse performance initially, to eventually become cheaper, simpler, smaller, and more efficient to use.

    Engineering Disasters

    • A summary of some notable engineering mishaps (e.g. NASA's mistakes, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the sinking of the Titanic).
    • Key causes of engineering disasters, including human error, design flaws, material failures, extreme environments, and combinations of these factors.

    The Primary Causes of Engineering Disasters (statistics)

    • Insufficient knowledge: 36%
    • Underestimation of influence: 16%
    • Ignorane, carelessness, negligence: 14%
    • Forgetfulness, error: 13%
    • Relying on others: 9%
    • Imprecisely defined situation: 7%
    • Choice of bad quality: 1%
    • Other: 10%

    Technology and Engineering in the Future

    • Questions:
      • How will technology and engineering develop further?

    Grand Challenges for Engineering

    • Potential discussion topics or questions in the lecture.

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    Related Documents

    Week 2 History of engineering PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores Lecture 2 of ENG3004, focusing on the historical context of engineering. It delves into the evolution of the engineering field, its significance in society, and the grand challenges faced by engineers throughout history.

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