Energy Expenditure Overview

<p>It has a partially genetic basis influencing food preferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a higher future obesity risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 66% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced energy expenditure from light activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity is commonly associated with reduced physical activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walking and stair-climbing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to energy-fat gain and obesity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the site of substrate oxidation for ATP production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brown adipocytes are specialized for heat production through fat oxidation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to long-term fat accumulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial energy dissipation and heat generation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enrichment with uncoupling proteins (UCP). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human obesity phenotypes exhibit significant heterogeneity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce heat through fat oxidation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal metabolic rate and metabolic pathways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aids in energy dissipation and potentially supports weight loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proinflammatory cytokines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enhancing thermogenesis and reducing inflammation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gut microbiota influences energy expenditure and metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brown adipocyte formation from white cells is an area of interest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impacting various homeostatic functions and energy metabolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise has no effect on brown adipose tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total amount of energy used by the body in a given period.

Activities that involve movement and use energy that are not basic living functions or exercise

Essential body functions like heartbeat, breathing, & organ function that require energy.

Energy expenditure from involuntary movements like fidgeting, varying posture and daily chores.

A global increase in obesity rates correlated with changes in daily activities and less energy expenditure.

The total amount of energy a person needs per day to uphold all bodily functions and activities.

The buildup of fat reserves in the body due to having consumed more energy than was burned

Decreased levels of physical activity, leading to changes in energy expenditure.

A type of fat tissue that burns calories to produce heat, potentially aiding in weight loss.

The process of transforming white fat cells into brown fat cells, potentially leading to increased energy expenditure.

Exposure to cold temperatures activates brown fat and promotes white fat browning, increasing energy expenditure.

Hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline stimulate brown fat activity, increasing energy expenditure.

Inflammation in the body can suppress brown fat activity, reducing energy expenditure.

Exercise can boost brown fat activity and promote white fat browning, potentially helping with weight management.

The collection of trillions of bacteria living in the gut, playing a crucial role in nutrient processing and overall health.

The complex communication network between the gut microbiota, brain, and nervous system, influencing various bodily processes.

The energy your body needs to perform essential functions at rest, like breathing and heart beating.

A series of chemical reactions in your body that break down food for energy and build essential components.

Reduced energy production can lead to long-term fat accumulation, impacting energy balance.

The powerhouses of your cells, responsible for generating energy (ATP) through breakdown of food.

A process where energy is released as heat instead of being used for ATP production.

Proteins within the mitochondria that allow energy to be released as heat instead of ATP.

UCPs dissipate the electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, producing heat instead of ATP.

Genes that influence eating behaviors and appetite regulation, potentially contributing to obesity. Examples include genes related to the production of hormones like POMC.

Individual differences in taste preferences play a role in food choices and ultimately calorie intake, potentially contributing to obesity. Genetic factors influence taste perception.

Changes in gene expression, without altering the gene sequence itself, that can influence obesity. This can happen due to environmental factors like diet and stress.

The conditions experienced during pregnancy can influence a child's future obesity risk. Both maternal starvation and overfeeding can increase the likelihood of obesity in the child.

Obesity risk can be passed down from one generation to the next, even without genetic mutations. This suggests that epigenetic changes can have long-lasting effects.