Energy Balance in Evaporation and Runoff Process
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Questions and Answers

What method involves evaluating the inflow into an area, outflow from the area, and the change in groundwater level?

  • Field experimental plots
  • Soil water studies
  • Integration methods
  • Inflow-outflow method (correct)
  • Which method of determining evapotranspiration involves combining water used by plants with evaporation from water and soil surfaces?

  • Soil water studies
  • Inflow-outflow method
  • Integration methods (correct)
  • Field experimental plots
  • What is the primary outcome of keeping the quantity of water applied in field experimental plots small?

  • Decrease deep percolation losses (correct)
  • Increase deep percolation losses
  • Measure direct runoff accurately
  • Enhance surface runoff
  • Which category of methods involves evaluating wind and humidity at different elevations to predict evaporation and transpiration?

    <p>Mass Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the integration method combine to estimate evapotranspiration?

    <p>Plant water use and surface evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of subsidence in groundwater systems?

    <p>Reduction in water pressure causing compaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between drawdown and overdraft in groundwater systems?

    <p>Overdraft causes temporary water table lowering, while drawdown leads to permanent storage reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of over-pumping on groundwater systems?

    <p>Compaction of fine particles and a decline in the water table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can harm water quality in groundwater systems?

    <p>Organic compounds and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between point and non-point sources of contamination?

    <p>Non-point sources cumulatively threaten water quality, unlike point sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drawdown differ from subsurface flow in groundwater systems?

    <p>Drawdown is caused by compacted particles, while subsurface flow involves direct runoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process and pathways through which excess water becomes streamflow?

    <p>Channel Interception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway involves excess water flowing over the soil surface?

    <p>Surface Runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of channel interception, surface flow, and subsurface flow known as?

    <p>Direct Runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the occurrence of runoff when it exceeds the infiltration rate?

    <p>Infiltration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water fills the depressions on the soil surface?

    <p>Formation of overland flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of channel detention in runoff?

    <p>Water flowing into defined channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the separation between the zone of aeration and saturation?

    <p>Blue line - water table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an influent stream contribute to the zone of saturation?

    <p>Groundwater Recharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a geologic formation that contains water and can transmit it economically for pumping?

    <p>Aquifer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property measures the ease with which an aquifer will transmit water?

    <p>Transmissibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

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