Energy Balance in Evaporation and Runoff Process
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Questions and Answers

What method involves evaluating the inflow into an area, outflow from the area, and the change in groundwater level?

  • Field experimental plots
  • Soil water studies
  • Integration methods
  • Inflow-outflow method (correct)

Which method of determining evapotranspiration involves combining water used by plants with evaporation from water and soil surfaces?

  • Soil water studies
  • Inflow-outflow method
  • Integration methods (correct)
  • Field experimental plots

What is the primary outcome of keeping the quantity of water applied in field experimental plots small?

  • Decrease deep percolation losses (correct)
  • Increase deep percolation losses
  • Measure direct runoff accurately
  • Enhance surface runoff

Which category of methods involves evaluating wind and humidity at different elevations to predict evaporation and transpiration?

<p>Mass Transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the integration method combine to estimate evapotranspiration?

<p>Plant water use and surface evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of subsidence in groundwater systems?

<p>Reduction in water pressure causing compaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between drawdown and overdraft in groundwater systems?

<p>Overdraft causes temporary water table lowering, while drawdown leads to permanent storage reduction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of over-pumping on groundwater systems?

<p>Compaction of fine particles and a decline in the water table (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can harm water quality in groundwater systems?

<p>Organic compounds and pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between point and non-point sources of contamination?

<p>Non-point sources cumulatively threaten water quality, unlike point sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does drawdown differ from subsurface flow in groundwater systems?

<p>Drawdown is caused by compacted particles, while subsurface flow involves direct runoff. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process and pathways through which excess water becomes streamflow?

<p>Channel Interception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves excess water flowing over the soil surface?

<p>Surface Runoff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of channel interception, surface flow, and subsurface flow known as?

<p>Direct Runoff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the occurrence of runoff when it exceeds the infiltration rate?

<p>Infiltration rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when water fills the depressions on the soil surface?

<p>Formation of overland flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of channel detention in runoff?

<p>Water flowing into defined channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the separation between the zone of aeration and saturation?

<p>Blue line - water table (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an influent stream contribute to the zone of saturation?

<p>Groundwater Recharge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a geologic formation that contains water and can transmit it economically for pumping?

<p>Aquifer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property measures the ease with which an aquifer will transmit water?

<p>Transmissibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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