Endocrinology Worksheet for Final Exam

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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes the approach suggested for completing the worksheet?

Only one answer should be provided for each question without further elaboration.

Critical thinking should be used along with textbook and lecture notes for answers. (correct)

Answers should primarily be sourced from the internet to ensure accuracy.

Group collaboration is encouraged to enhance understanding.

What is a key rule regarding the submission of the assignment?

Students should not focus on individual input for their answers.

The assignment must be submitted as a Word file in a specific format. (correct)

Collaboration with peers is allowed during completion.

Assignments can be submitted in any format.

What potential risk is associated with using the internet for finding answers?

Internet searches could lead to outdated scientific data.

The information might be overly technical and not aligned with coursework.

Online resources may present irrelevant side effects not covered in class. (correct)

All information found online is accurate and trustworthy.

What is emphasized regarding the completion of the worksheet?

The responses should reflect individual understanding and effort. Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline should students follow when noting potential effects of hormones?

They should draw from critical thinking rather than only direct sources. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released from adipose tissue and acts on the pancreas?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of insulin on the liver?

Enhances glycogen synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is glucagon?

Peptide Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathway is activated by epinephrine in adipose tissue?

cAMP pathway Signup and view all the answers

In response to low blood glucose, which mechanism does glucagon employ?

Stimulation of glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone primarily inhibits gluconeogenesis?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?

Promotes protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with regulation of body weight?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular mechanism is activated by testosterone?

intracellular receptor binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of growth hormone on muscular growth?

Promotes muscle hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

ACTH and stress Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels during fasting?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Which target organ(s) are affected by insulin?

Liver and muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of IGF-1 in muscle and connective tissue?

Stimulates muscle growth and protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exercise Endocrinology Worksheet

Objective: The worksheet helps organize endocrinology information for the final exam. Do not use the internet for categorical questions.
Hormone Information: The table format details endocrine organs, their target organs, hormone type, mechanism of action, and stimuli for release.
Endocrine Organs: The worksheet names several key organs including the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, adipose tissue, pancreas, kidney, liver, muscles, testes, and other major organs.
Hormone Types: The notes classify some hormones as steroid or peptide or amine. Different hormone types have different ways of acting on their target cells.
Mechanism of Action: The notes detail how the hormones work by activating specific pathways (cAMP, PI3K, JAK/STAT, mTOR, AMPK). Key details regarding the hormone binding to intracellular or cell surface receptors are given.
Stimuli for Release: Stimuli are factors that cause a hormone to be released, e.g., increased exercise intensity, muscle damage, hunger, high blood glucose, low blood glucose.
Individual Assignment: Work is to be completed individually. Assignments should be saved with a specific format (Endocrine.LastName.FirstInitial.docx)and submitted in Canvas.

Specific Hormones (Page 2)

Insulin: Released by beta cells of the pancreas in response to high glucose. Decreases blood glucose levels and promotes synthesis of glycogen, protein, and fat.
Glucagon: Released by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and exercise. Increases blood glucose levels via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Epinephrine: Released by the adrenal medulla. Increases blood glucose, elevates heart rate/blood pressure, stimulates vasodilation, and increases lipolysis.

Specific Hormones (Page 3)

Testosterone: Released by adrenal cortex and testes. Promotes muscle growth and development of male sex characteristics. Exercise is a stimulus for release.
Growth Hormone (GH): Released by the anterior pituitary. Stimulated by exercise intensity. Promotes muscle growth, protein synthesis, and lipolysis, among other effects.

Specific Hormones (Page 4)

Cortisol: Released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress and exercise. Increases effects during stress to elevate blood glucose and fatty acids. An anti-inflammatory hormone.
Leptin: Released by adipocytes (fat cells). Regulates energy expenditure to control body weight, via hypothalamic signals. Increased energy input (eating) increases leptin and this inhibits food intake.

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Description

This exercise worksheet is designed to help organize vital information related to endocrinology in preparation for the final exam. It covers topics such as hormone types, target organs, mechanisms of action, and release stimuli for various hormones produced by key endocrine organs. Use this structured format for your review without consulting the internet.