15 Questions
Where is the thyroid gland located in the body?
At the base of the neck
What is the main function of thyroid hormones in fetal life?
Ensuring normal brain and skeletal growth
What is the primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland?
T4 (Thyroxine)
What is the approximate weight of the thyroid gland?
20 grams
What is the role of deiodinase in thyroid hormone action?
Conversion of T4 to T3 at receptor cell
Which organ does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) primarily act on to increase reabsorption of calcium?
Kidney
What is the active form of Vitamin D, which behaves like a true hormone in the body?
Vitamin D3
Which condition may result in neuromuscular hyperexcitability due to decreased calcium and can be associated with tetany?
Hypoparathyroidism
Which percentage of plasma calcium exists in the FREE ionized form?
72%
What is the site of absorption for calcium in the human body?
Duodenum & Small Intestine
Which class of hormones acts by binding to receptors in the cell cytoplasm?
Steroid Hormones
What is the primary hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Which organ primarily secretes Somatostatin?
Pancreas
Where are the receptors for Peptide & Protein Hormones primarily located?
In or on surface of cell membrane
Study Notes
Thyroid Gland
- Located in the neck, just below the larynx
- Produces thyroid hormones, playing a crucial role in fetal development
- Primary hormone produced is T4 (thyroxine)
- Weighs approximately 20-40 grams in adults
Thyroid Hormone Action
- Deiodinase enzyme plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone action by converting T4 to T3 (triiodothyronine), the active form
Parathyroid Hormone
- Primarily acts on the kidneys to increase reabsorption of calcium
- Helps regulate calcium levels in the blood
Vitamin D
- The active form, calcitriol, behaves like a true hormone in the body
- Plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone health
Calcium Regulation
- Hypocalcemia (decreased calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular hyperexcitability and tetany
- Only 50% of plasma calcium exists in the free, ionized form
- Calcium absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine
Hormone Action
- Steroid hormones, such as Vitamin D, act by binding to receptors in the cell cytoplasm
Pituitary Gland
- Posterior pituitary gland primarily secretes oxytocin and vasopressin
- Parathyroid hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood
Somatostatin
- Primarily secreted by the pancreas and hypothalamus
- Peptide and protein hormone receptors are primarily located on the cell surface
Test your knowledge of thyroid hormones and their functions with this quiz. From the discovery of the gland to the role of thyroid hormones in fetal development, this quiz covers a range of topics related to the thyroid gland.
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