10 Questions
Which hormone is responsible for the increase in blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis and decreasing peripheral utilization of glucose?
Cortisol
What is the primary mechanism of action for adrenocortical hormones?
Lipid soluble with receptors in cytoplasm
What is the primary effect of adrenocortical hormones on mineral metabolism?
Decrease serum calcium level through bone deposition
Which hormones are synthesized by magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus and carried to the posterior pituitary?
ADH and oxytocin
Which action is NOT associated with adrenocortical hormones on cardiovascular system?
Decrease smooth muscle tone
Which system does cortisol suppress through inhibition of interleukin formation?
Immune system
What is the primary origin of the cells of the anterior pituitary?
Invagination of pharyngeal epithelium
Which gland is connected to the hypothalamus with the hypophysial stalk?
Pituitary gland
What controls the secretion of hormones by the posterior pituitary?
Neural signals from the hypothalamus
Which hormones are considered adenohypophyseal hormones?
ACTH and TSH
Study Notes
Hormone Regulation
- Glucocorticoids, specifically cortisol, increase blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis and decreasing peripheral glucose utilization.
- Adrenocortical hormones, such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, have a primary mechanism of action involving gene transcription to regulate metabolism and electrolyte balance.
Adrenocortical Hormones and Metabolism
- Adrenocortical hormones affect mineral metabolism by regulating electrolyte balance, with aldosterone controlling sodium and potassium levels.
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- Oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) are synthesized by magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.
Adrenocortical Hormones and Cardiovascular System
- Adrenocortical hormones do not cause vasodilation, which is NOT associated with their action on the cardiovascular system.
Cortisol and Immune Response
- Cortisol suppresses the immune system by inhibiting interleukin formation, which reduces inflammation and immune responses.
Pituitary Gland Development and Anatomy
- The anterior pituitary originates from the ectodermal cells of the Rathke's pouch.
- The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the hypophysial stalk.
Posterior Pituitary Regulation
- The hypothalamus controls the secretion of hormones by the posterior pituitary.
Adenohypophyseal Hormones
- Adenohypophyseal hormones include growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.
Test your knowledge about adrenocortical hormones and their synthesis, plasma levels, and mechanism of action. Learn about the actions of cortisol and the different types of corticosteroids.
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