20 Questions
What is the percentage of anaplastic carcinoma among malignant thyroid tumors?
5%
Which type of thyroid cancer is most commonly associated with ionizing radiation?
Papillary carcinoma
What is the characteristic nuclear feature of papillary carcinoma?
Orphan Annie eye nuclei
Which type of thyroid cancer is derived from C cells (parafollicular cells)?
Medullary carcinoma
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Regulation of ion balance and bone metabolism
What is the effect of high blood calcium levels on PTH secretion?
Inhibition of PTH secretion
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Parathyroid adenoma
What is the effect of PTH on calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?
Inhibition of calcium reabsorption
What is the clinical feature of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcemia and elevated PTH levels
What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Chronic renal failure
What is the primary function of the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?
To regulate calcium homeostasis through the production of calcitonin
What is the mechanism by which thyroid hormones regulate oxygen use in the body?
By regulating the basal metabolic rate
What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is often caused by iodine deficiency?
Goiter
What is the autoimmune disease that is characterized by the production of IgG autoantibodies to the TSH receptors?
Graves' disease
What is the term for the excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and hypermetabolic state that is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?
Thyrotoxicosis
What is the treatment of choice for Graves' disease?
All of the above
What is the term for the accumulation of proteoglycans and water in the skin, which is a characteristic feature of hypothyroidism?
Myxedema
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States?
Iatrogenic hypothyroidism
What is the term for the autoimmune disease that is characterized by the destruction of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
What is the term for the benign tumor that arises from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland?
Adenoma
Test your knowledge of the thyroid gland, including its anatomy, histology, and hormone production. Learn about the role of follicular and parafollicular cells, and how the thyroid gland regulates calcium homeostasis. Prepare to master the endocrine system!
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