Endocrine System: Thyroid Gland Anatomy and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of anaplastic carcinoma among malignant thyroid tumors?

  • 10-20%
  • 75-85%
  • 5% (correct)
  • Less than 5%

    • Which type of thyroid cancer is most commonly associated with ionizing radiation?

  • Medullary carcinoma
  • Follicular carcinoma
  • Papillary carcinoma (correct)
  • Anaplastic carcinoma

    • What is the characteristic nuclear feature of papillary carcinoma?

  • Amyloid deposits
  • Orphan Annie eye nuclei (correct)
  • Hyalinizing trabecular pattern
  • Psammoma bodies

    • Which type of thyroid cancer is derived from C cells (parafollicular cells)?

    <p>Medullary carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

    <p>Regulation of ion balance and bone metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high blood calcium levels on PTH secretion?

    <p>Inhibition of PTH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Parathyroid adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of PTH on calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Inhibition of calcium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical feature of primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Hypercalcemia and elevated PTH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>To regulate calcium homeostasis through the production of calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which thyroid hormones regulate oxygen use in the body?

    <p>By regulating the basal metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is often caused by iodine deficiency?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autoimmune disease that is characterized by the production of IgG autoantibodies to the TSH receptors?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and hypermetabolic state that is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Thyrotoxicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for Graves' disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the accumulation of proteoglycans and water in the skin, which is a characteristic feature of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Myxedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States?

    <p>Iatrogenic hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the autoimmune disease that is characterized by the destruction of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism?

    <p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the benign tumor that arises from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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