6 Questions
What is the main difference between the endocrine system and other systems that produce products?
The endocrine system produces and secretes products, called hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct.
What is the role of hormones in the endocrine system?
Hormones influence only those cells that have receptors for that hormone.
What is the pituitary gland also known as?
The 'master gland' of the body.
What are the two main hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
What is the primary function of the hormone melatonin produced by the pineal gland?
To modulate sleep patterns.
What are the two primary hormones produced by the pancreatic islets?
Insulin and glucagon.
Study Notes
Endocrine System
- Composed of glands that synthesize and secrete hormones directly into the blood without using a duct.
- Hormones are transported throughout the body, influencing only cells with receptors for that hormone.
Endocrine Glands
- Secrete hormones into the blood, which are then transported to other tissues.
Major Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland
- Located at the interface between the brain and the rest of the body.
- Produces numerous hormones affecting various aspects of physiology.
- Often called the "master gland" due to its regulation of other endocrine glands and direct effects on target tissues.
Thyroid Gland
- Secrete hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
- Influences metabolic rate, protein synthesis, and calcium metabolism.
Adrenal Glands
- Produce hormones regulating metabolism, blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.
- Include adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
Pineal Gland
- Secrete melatonin, which modulates sleep patterns.
Pancreatic Islets (Islets of Langerhans)
- 'Islands' of endocrine cells located within the pancreas.
- Secrete hormones insulin and glucagon, important in regulating glucose in blood.
This quiz covers the basics of the endocrine system, including its composition, function, and major glands. Learn about hormones, their transportation, and their effects on the body.
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