Endocrine System Anatomy Quiz

<p>Reabsorption of calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It undergoes involution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pink and lobulated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pineal gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulate circadian rhythm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below and lateral to the thyroid cartilage in the neck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid istmus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pineal gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls its functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larynx, trachea, pharynx, and esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brachiocephalic artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyrocalcitonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase metabolic activity of most cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It arises from the subclavian artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brachiocephalic artery or arch of the aorta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce hormones that influence other endocrine glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attached to the brain in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior and inferior parathyroid glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infundibulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower blood calcium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Located laterally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphenoid sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior thyroid artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It separates the gland from the optic chiasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior: Basilar artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intracranial pressure affecting brain functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis (B), Anterior lobe and Posterior lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intercavernous sinuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influences the activities of many other endocrine glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a storage area for hormones produced in the hypothalamus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secreting hormones that regulate growth and metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Master gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A small, oval organ attached to the undersurface of the brain by the infundibulum. Located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. Known as the 'master endocrine gland' due to its influence on other endocrine glands. Crucial for life due to its hormone production.

The superior portion of the pituitary gland, connected to the hypothalamus through the infundibulum. Responsible for producing hormones like GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and prolactin.

The posterior portion of the pituitary gland, connected to the brain via the infundibulum. Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, such as ADH and oxytocin.

A small, stalk-like structure connecting the pituitary gland (hypophysis) to the hypothalamus. Allows for communication and transport of hormones between the two structures.

A bony depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.

A thin membrane that separates the anterior pituitary from the optic chiasma. It has a central aperture that allows the passage of the infundibulum.

The pituitary gland shares relations with nearby structures, including: Anterior - Sphenoid sinus, Posterior - Basilar artery and pons, Superior - Diaphragma sellae, Inferior - Body of the sphenoid, Lateral - Cavernous sinus and its contents.

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain.

The pituitary gland has two distinct lobes: the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).

The adenohypophysis is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It produces and releases hormones that affect many other glands in the body.

The neurohypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain.

The pituitary gland receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries, branches of the internal carotid artery.

The veins from the pituitary gland drain into the intercavernous sinuses, which are cavities filled with blood within the brain.

The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in regulating the activities of many other endocrine glands in the body.

The pituitary gland's secretions influence various aspects of body function, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.

The pituitary gland is a vital part of the endocrine system, ensuring the proper functioning of numerous body functions.

The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus, acting as a central regulator of hormone production and release.

A surgical procedure performed through the nasal cavity to access the pituitary gland.

A small, cone-shaped gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin.

The pineal gland influences the activity of several endocrine glands, including the pituitary, pancreas, parathyroid, adrenal, and gonads.

The hormone secreted by the pineal gland, primarily involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

The thyroid gland is located in the anterior neck, situated below and lateral to the thyroid cartilage.

The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes connected by a narrow isthmus.

The isthmus of the thyroid gland spans the midline in front of the second, third, and fourth tracheal rings.

The pineal gland's actions on other endocrine glands are mainly inhibitory, either directly inhibiting hormone production or indirectly through releasing factors from the hypothalamus.

The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development.

A projection extending from the thyroid gland, often seen in some individuals.

The common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve are found within this structure, located near the thyroid gland.

The thyroid gland is located near the larynx, trachea, pharynx, and esophagus.

The superior and inferior parathyroid glands are found behind the thyroid gland.

The superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery, and sometimes the thyroidea ima supply blood to the thyroid gland.

The external carotid artery gives rise to the superior thyroid artery, which supplies the upper part of the thyroid gland.

The inferior thyroid artery originates from the subclavian artery, a major artery in the shoulder region, and supplies the lower part of the thyroid gland.

The thyroidea ima, a less common artery, originates from the brachiocephalic artery or the aortic arch, supplying the thyroid gland.

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are thyroid hormones that increase metabolic activity in most cells.

Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland produce thyrocalcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels.

An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, often characterized by a diffuse and irregular growth pattern.

Four small, ovoid glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They are crucial for regulating calcium levels in the blood.

The primary hormone produced by the parathyroid glands. It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone, promoting calcium absorption in the intestines, and enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

A bilobed gland situated in the anterior mediastinum, between the sternum and the pericardium. It is essential for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes, key players in the immune system.

The thymus gland undergoes a gradual process of shrinkage and replacement with fatty tissue, starting around puberty. This process, known as involution, indicates the decline of the gland's activity.

The primary cells in the parathyroid glands responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH).

These specialized cells in the thymus gland are responsible for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes, crucial components of the immune system.