48 Questions
What is the role of thrombopoietin?
Stimulates platelet production
Which hormone is an intermediate stimulus to help bone growth?
Insulin like growth factor
What does leptin, produced by adipose tissue, regulate?
Bone metabolism
What is the effect of aging on hormonal production?
Increase in parathyroid hormone levels
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
To maintain homeostasis through the secretion of hormones
Which statement best describes the relationship between hormones and receptors?
Hormones can cause different reactions if they have receptors on multiple organs or glands
Which of the following is NOT a category of hormones based on their composition?
Carbohydrates
What is the role of the paracrine system in cellular communication?
It causes adjustments within the cell that secretes the chemical
What hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis?
Glucagon
What hormone inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which hormone promotes pancreatic enzyme and bile production to help with digestion?
Cholecystokinin
What hormone plays a role in appetite and pancreas secretions?
Pancreatic polypeptide hormone
Where is melatonin produced that can help promote drowsiness?
Pineal gland
Which hormone is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis to aid in easier childbirth?
Relaxin
What hormone is important for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy?
Progesterone
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol primarily for what purpose?
Energy production
Which hormone does NOT have receptors in RBC's, brain, liver, kidneys, and small intestines?
Insulin
What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?
Protects fetus from immune rejection
What is the function of prolactin in women?
Activates lactation and mammary gland development if pregnant
What is the role of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH) in the intermediate pituitary area?
Stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light
What stimulates the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 into the bloodstream?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
Decreases blood calcium levels
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PH) secreted by the parathyroid gland?
Increases blood calcium levels
What is the most common hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone
Which hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the primary function of melatonin produced by the pineal gland?
Affects body’s circadian rhythms, body temperature, and appetite
What is the effect of increased production of parathyroid hormone (PH) as people age?
Severe bone cell breakdown and osteoporosis
What hormone production increases as a response to danger or stress, resulting in the fight or flight response?
Epinephrine
What disease is caused by an adrenal gland problem of too much cortisol which increases blood glucose?
Cushing’s disease
Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces melatonin?
Pineal gland
Which type of hormones travel to a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change?
Lipid soluble hormones and thyroid hormones
What happens to activate proteins as a result of the second messenger system?
Phosphorylation
Which enzyme turns off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) quickly?
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
What is the alternate second messenger apart from cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?
Calcium ion
What happens if a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?
Downregulation
What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?
A hormone enables another hormone to act
Which glands are considered the command center for the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
What is secreted by the posterior pituitary during a positive feedback loop associated with childbirth?
Oxytocin
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Where do the hormones from the hypothalamus travel through to instruct the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of a hormone?
Hypophyseal portal system
How many hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?
6
Which hormone promotes protein synthesis and tissue building?
Growth hormone (GH)
What is the main role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?
Activate protein kinases to start phosphorylation
What happens when cells undergo downregulation due to excess stimulation?
The number of hormone receptors decreases
Which hormone is commonly known as vasopressin and is restricted by alcohol, caffeine, and diabetes insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the primary role of the hypophyseal portal system in the endocrine system?
To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
What stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is the main function of growth hormone (GH) in the body?
Promote protein synthesis and tissue building
Test your knowledge of the hormones involved in controlling reproductive activity, lactation, and melanin formation in the endocrine system. This quiz covers gonadotropins, prolactin, prolactin-inhibiting hormone, and melanin-releasing hormone.
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