Endocrine System Hormones and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of thrombopoietin?

  • Stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow
  • Helps develop T lymphocytes
  • Stimulates platelet production (correct)
  • Inhibits calcitriol

Which hormone is an intermediate stimulus to help bone growth?

  • Thrombopoietin
  • Erythropoietin (EPO)
  • Angiotensinogen
  • Insulin like growth factor (correct)

What does leptin, produced by adipose tissue, regulate?

  • Blood cell production
  • Bone metabolism (correct)
  • Insulin production
  • Calcitriol levels

What is the effect of aging on hormonal production?

<p>Increase in parathyroid hormone levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

<p>To maintain homeostasis through the secretion of hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between hormones and receptors?

<p>Hormones can cause different reactions if they have receptors on multiple organs or glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of hormones based on their composition?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the paracrine system in cellular communication?

<p>It causes adjustments within the cell that secretes the chemical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis?

<p>Glucagon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

<p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes pancreatic enzyme and bile production to help with digestion?

<p>Cholecystokinin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone plays a role in appetite and pancreas secretions?

<p>Pancreatic polypeptide hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is melatonin produced that can help promote drowsiness?

<p>Pineal gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis to aid in easier childbirth?

<p>Relaxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is important for the menstrual cycle and pregnancy?

<p><strong>Progesterone</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lipolysis is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol primarily for what purpose?

<p><strong>Energy production</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone does NOT have receptors in RBC's, brain, liver, kidneys, and small intestines?

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?

<p>Protects fetus from immune rejection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of prolactin in women?

<p>Activates lactation and mammary gland development if pregnant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH) in the intermediate pituitary area?

<p>Stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 into the bloodstream?

<p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

<p>Decreases blood calcium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PH) secreted by the parathyroid gland?

<p>Increases blood calcium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?

<p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of melatonin produced by the pineal gland?

<p>Affects body’s circadian rhythms, body temperature, and appetite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased production of parathyroid hormone (PH) as people age?

<p>Severe bone cell breakdown and osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone production increases as a response to danger or stress, resulting in the fight or flight response?

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease is caused by an adrenal gland problem of too much cortisol which increases blood glucose?

<p>Cushing’s disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces melatonin?

<p>Pineal gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones travel to a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change?

<p>Lipid soluble hormones and thyroid hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to activate proteins as a result of the second messenger system?

<p>Phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme turns off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) quickly?

<p>Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternate second messenger apart from cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?

<p>Calcium ion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

<p>Downregulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?

<p>A hormone enables another hormone to act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are considered the command center for the endocrine system?

<p>Hypothalamus and pituitary gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is secreted by the posterior pituitary during a positive feedback loop associated with childbirth?

<p>Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the hormones from the hypothalamus travel through to instruct the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of a hormone?

<p>Hypophyseal portal system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes protein synthesis and tissue building?

<p>Growth hormone (GH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

<p>Activate protein kinases to start phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells undergo downregulation due to excess stimulation?

<p>The number of hormone receptors decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is commonly known as vasopressin and is restricted by alcohol, caffeine, and diabetes insipidus?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypophyseal portal system in the endocrine system?

<p>To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of growth hormone (GH) in the body?

<p>Promote protein synthesis and tissue building (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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