Endocrine System and Reproductive Hormones

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Which category do amines, peptides, and proteins fall into?

Lipids

Steroids

Amino acids (correct)

Carbohydrates

What is the function of the autocrine system?

To maintain homeostasis

To affect other nearby cells

To secrete hormones into the bloodstream

To cause an adjustment to itself (correct)

What is the role of steroid hormones in the cardiovascular system?

They help regulate body temperature

They assist in maintaining homeostasis

They are responsible for controlling reproduction

They need help from proteins to travel through the cardiovascular system (correct)

How do hormones maintain homeostasis in the body?

By slow acting hormones and by controlling reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates insulin production and is produced by the skeleton?

Osteocalcin Signup and view all the answers

What does cholecalciferol, produced by the skin, convert to in the kidneys?

Calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, produced by the liver, stimulates platelet production?

Thrombopoietin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with aging and can contribute to osteoporosis?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of prolactin in women?

Activates lactation and development of mammary glands Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion into the bloodstream?

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?

Increases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Produces and secretes melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What happens when T3 and T4 levels decrease?

Release of free T3 and T4 from albumin or other plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

Decreases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the fight or flight response through the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Hypothalamus due to danger or stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex?

Increases sodium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased parathyroid hormone (PH) production?

Severe bone cell breakdown and osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

How do photons of light stimulate melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?

By stimulating the retina of the eye, sending nerve signals to the pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases as we age and can lead to severe bone cell breakdown?

Parathyroid hormone (PH) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones travel to a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change?

Lipid soluble hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the most used second messenger when a hormone cannot enter the cell?

Cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enables another hormone to act?

Permissive effect Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the diencephalon?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the posterior pituitary release during a positive feedback loop associated with childbirth?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone comes from the hypothalamus and instructs the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of another hormone?

Hypothalamic hormone Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a role in appetite and pancreas secretions?

Pancreatic polypeptide hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for producing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?

Secretin Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?

Lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of vitamin D?

Calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Which organ does not have receptors for insulin?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by the placenta and helps in the preparation of breasts for lactation?

(hPL) human placental lactogen Signup and view all the answers

What does testosterone develop in males apart from the male reproductive system?

Testosterone causes the development of secondary sex characteristics like increased body hair and muscle mass. Signup and view all the answers

What does estrogen regulate apart from secondary sex characteristics?

Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inhibin produced by the ovaries?

Inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?

Protects the fetus from immune rejection. Signup and view all the answers