38 Questions
Which category do amines, peptides, and proteins fall into?
Amino acids
What is the function of the autocrine system?
To cause an adjustment to itself
What is the role of steroid hormones in the cardiovascular system?
They need help from proteins to travel through the cardiovascular system
How do hormones maintain homeostasis in the body?
By slow acting hormones and by controlling reproduction
Which hormone stimulates insulin production and is produced by the skeleton?
Osteocalcin
What does cholecalciferol, produced by the skin, convert to in the kidneys?
Calcitriol
Which hormone, produced by the liver, stimulates platelet production?
Thrombopoietin
Which hormone decreases with aging and can contribute to osteoporosis?
Testosterone
What is the function of prolactin in women?
Activates lactation and development of mammary glands
Which hormone stimulates tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion into the bloodstream?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?
Increases blood calcium levels
What is the most common hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone
What is the function of the pineal gland?
Produces and secretes melatonin
What happens when T3 and T4 levels decrease?
Release of free T3 and T4 from albumin or other plasma proteins
What is the role of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
Decreases blood calcium levels
What stimulates the fight or flight response through the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Hypothalamus due to danger or stress
What is the main function of mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex?
Increases sodium levels
What is the impact of increased parathyroid hormone (PH) production?
Severe bone cell breakdown and osteoporosis
How do photons of light stimulate melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?
By stimulating the retina of the eye, sending nerve signals to the pineal gland
Which hormone increases as we age and can lead to severe bone cell breakdown?
Parathyroid hormone (PH)
Which type of hormones travel to a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change?
Lipid soluble hormones
What is the most used second messenger when a hormone cannot enter the cell?
Cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)
Which hormone enables another hormone to act?
Permissive effect
Which organ is part of the diencephalon?
Hypothalamus
What hormone does the posterior pituitary release during a positive feedback loop associated with childbirth?
Oxytocin
Which hormone comes from the hypothalamus and instructs the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of another hormone?
Hypothalamic hormone
What hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis?
Glucagon
Which hormone plays a role in appetite and pancreas secretions?
Pancreatic polypeptide hormone
Which organ is responsible for producing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?
Heart
Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?
Secretin
Which process involves the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?
Lipolysis
What is the active form of vitamin D?
Calcitriol
Which organ does not have receptors for insulin?
Brain
What hormone is produced by the placenta and helps in the preparation of breasts for lactation?
(hPL) human placental lactogen
What does testosterone develop in males apart from the male reproductive system?
Testosterone causes the development of secondary sex characteristics like increased body hair and muscle mass.
What does estrogen regulate apart from secondary sex characteristics?
Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy.
What is the primary function of inhibin produced by the ovaries?
Inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release.
What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?
Protects the fetus from immune rejection.
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system and reproductive hormones in women, including the functions of gonadotropins, prolactin, and other related hormones. Explore the control of reproductive activity and lactation through this quiz.
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