Endocrine System and Reproductive Hormones
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Questions and Answers

Which category do amines, peptides, and proteins fall into?

  • Lipids
  • Steroids
  • Amino acids (correct)
  • Carbohydrates

What is the function of the autocrine system?

  • To maintain homeostasis
  • To affect other nearby cells
  • To secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  • To cause an adjustment to itself (correct)

What is the role of steroid hormones in the cardiovascular system?

  • They help regulate body temperature
  • They assist in maintaining homeostasis
  • They are responsible for controlling reproduction
  • They need help from proteins to travel through the cardiovascular system (correct)

How do hormones maintain homeostasis in the body?

<p>By slow acting hormones and by controlling reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates insulin production and is produced by the skeleton?

<p>Osteocalcin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cholecalciferol, produced by the skin, convert to in the kidneys?

<p>Calcitriol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, produced by the liver, stimulates platelet production?

<p>Thrombopoietin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with aging and can contribute to osteoporosis?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of prolactin in women?

<p>Activates lactation and development of mammary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion into the bloodstream?

<p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?

<p>Increases blood calcium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pineal gland?

<p>Produces and secretes melatonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when T3 and T4 levels decrease?

<p>Release of free T3 and T4 from albumin or other plasma proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

<p>Decreases blood calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the fight or flight response through the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

<p>Hypothalamus due to danger or stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mineralocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex?

<p>Increases sodium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased parathyroid hormone (PH) production?

<p>Severe bone cell breakdown and osteoporosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do photons of light stimulate melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?

<p>By stimulating the retina of the eye, sending nerve signals to the pineal gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases as we age and can lead to severe bone cell breakdown?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones travel to a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change?

<p>Lipid soluble hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most used second messenger when a hormone cannot enter the cell?

<p>Cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enables another hormone to act?

<p>Permissive effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the diencephalon?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the posterior pituitary release during a positive feedback loop associated with childbirth?

<p>Oxytocin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone comes from the hypothalamus and instructs the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of another hormone?

<p>Hypothalamic hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis?

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a role in appetite and pancreas secretions?

<p>Pancreatic polypeptide hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for producing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?

<p>Heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?

<p>Secretin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?

<p>Lipolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of vitamin D?

<p>Calcitriol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ does not have receptors for insulin?

<p>Brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by the placenta and helps in the preparation of breasts for lactation?

<p>(hPL) human placental lactogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does testosterone develop in males apart from the male reproductive system?

<p>Testosterone causes the development of secondary sex characteristics like increased body hair and muscle mass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does estrogen regulate apart from secondary sex characteristics?

<p>Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inhibin produced by the ovaries?

<p>Inhibits follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?

<p>Protects the fetus from immune rejection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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