Endocrine System: Chapter 17 Overview

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What is the primary role of relaxin?

Protect the fetus from immune rejection
Regulate menstrual cycle
Prepare breasts for lactation
Soften the pubic symphysis to prepare for birth (correct)

Which hormone stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Gastrin (correct)
Somatostatin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

What is the function of EPO produced in the kidneys?

Regulates blood calcium levels
Triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
Decreases blood pressure and blood Na+ levels
Stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow (correct)

What is the primary role of placenta in hormone production?

Produces and secretes estrogens, progesterone, relaxin, hCG, and hPL (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels?

Insulin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of leptin in adipose tissue?

Binds to brain neurons to promote satiety after a meal and increase hunger if levels are low (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone contributes to insulin resistance and seems to increase with age?

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with age, leading to a decline in ovarian function and hormone levels?

Testosterone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate effect of Hepcidin on iron release from cells?

Blocks iron release (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with age, leading to a lower metabolic rate?

Thyroid hormone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

The target cells in autocrine signaling are different from the signaling cell, while in paracrine signaling, they are the same. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is derived from modified amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine?

Amine hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cAMP in hydrophilic hormone signaling?

It initiates a phosphorylation cascade to activate proteins in the cytosol. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect do cells exhibit during downregulation in response to excessive hormone levels?

They decrease receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which command center of the endocrine system is responsible for receiving information from both endocrine and neural systems?

The pituitary gland (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates uterine contraction and dilation of the cervix?

Oxytocin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for promoting protein synthesis, tissue building, and stimulating liver to break down glycogen for glucose release?

Growth Hormone (GH) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates the function of the gonads and stimulates the production and maturation of sperm and ova?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for influencing metabolic rate, nutrient breakdown for ATP production, and increasing body temperature?

Thyroid hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the thyroid to decrease blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in calcium regulation?

Increases blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones. (C) Signup and view all the answers