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Questions and Answers
Which hormone is responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation?
Which hormone is responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation?
- Inhibin
- Relaxin (correct)
- Ghrelin
- Glucagon
What is the primary function of estrogen?
What is the primary function of estrogen?
- Stimulating erythrocyte production
- Stimulating pancreatic enzyme release
- Decreasing blood glucose levels
- Regulating the menstrual cycle (correct)
Which hormone stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow?
Which hormone stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow?
- Renin
- Insulin
- Calcitriol
- EPO (correct)
What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released by the heart?
What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released by the heart?
Which hormone is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth?
Which hormone is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth?
What does glucagon primarily stimulate in terms of metabolism?
What does glucagon primarily stimulate in terms of metabolism?
What is the role of Osteocalcin according to the given information?
What is the role of Osteocalcin according to the given information?
How does the decrease in leptin affect dopamine levels?
How does the decrease in leptin affect dopamine levels?
What is the effect of menopause according to the given information?
What is the effect of menopause according to the given information?
Which hormone production declines with age, according to the information provided?
Which hormone production declines with age, according to the information provided?
Which type of hormone is derived from the lipid cholesterol?
Which type of hormone is derived from the lipid cholesterol?
What type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that elicits a response in the same cell?
What type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that elicits a response in the same cell?
Which hormone stimulates uterine contraction and dilation of the cervix?
Which hormone stimulates uterine contraction and dilation of the cervix?
What causes cells to decrease receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels?
What causes cells to decrease receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels?
Which hormone is responsible for melanin production in response to UV light or pregnancy?
Which hormone is responsible for melanin production in response to UV light or pregnancy?
What hormones regulate the function of gonads?
What hormones regulate the function of gonads?
"High levels of thyroid hormone increase heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility". Which hormone is most likely being referred to in this statement?
"High levels of thyroid hormone increase heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility". Which hormone is most likely being referred to in this statement?
"Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormone (cortisol)". This function is associated with which hormone?
"Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormone (cortisol)". This function is associated with which hormone?
"Stimulates lactation, only during pregnancy". This function is attributed to which hormone?
"Stimulates lactation, only during pregnancy". This function is attributed to which hormone?
"Responsible for maintaining calcium balance through bone, kidneys, and intestines". This description best fits which hormone?
"Responsible for maintaining calcium balance through bone, kidneys, and intestines". This description best fits which hormone?
What causes cells to increase their receptors and become more sensitive to hormones?
What causes cells to increase their receptors and become more sensitive to hormones?
Which type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that communicates to other local cells?
Which type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that communicates to other local cells?
What type of signaling involves long-distance communication to maintain homeostasis?
What type of signaling involves long-distance communication to maintain homeostasis?
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Study Notes
Hormone Functions
- Prolactin is responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation.
- Estrogen's primary function is to stimulate the growth of the female reproductive system and the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
- Erythropoietin stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow.
- Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released by the heart helps regulate blood pressure and volume.
- Relaxin is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth.
- Glucagon primarily stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in terms of metabolism.
- Osteocalcin is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism.
- A decrease in leptin levels affects dopamine levels.
- Menopause is characterized by a decline in estrogen levels.
- The production of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone declines with age.
- Steroid hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, are derived from the lipid cholesterol.
- Autocrine signaling involves a chemical that elicits a response in the same cell.
- Oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction and dilation of the cervix.
- Downregulation is the process by which cells decrease receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels.
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is responsible for melanin production in response to UV light or pregnancy.
- Gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), regulate the function of gonads.
Thyroid Hormone
- Thyroid hormone increases heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility.
Adrenal Cortex
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
Lactation
- Prolactin stimulates lactation, only during pregnancy.
Calcium Balance
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for maintaining calcium balance through bone, kidneys, and intestines.
Hormone Sensitivity
- Upregulation is the process by which cells increase their receptors and become more sensitive to hormones.
Chemical Signaling
- Paracrine signaling involves a chemical that communicates to other local cells.
- Endocrine signaling involves long-distance communication to maintain homeostasis.
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