Endocrine System: Chapter 17 Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation?

Inhibin

Relaxin (correct)

Ghrelin

Glucagon

What is the primary function of estrogen?

Stimulating erythrocyte production

Stimulating pancreatic enzyme release

Decreasing blood glucose levels

Regulating the menstrual cycle (correct)

Which hormone stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow?

Renin

Insulin

Calcitriol

EPO (correct)

What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released by the heart?

Decreasing blood pressure and blood volume Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth?

Relaxin Signup and view all the answers

What does glucagon primarily stimulate in terms of metabolism?

Converting amino acids to glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Osteocalcin according to the given information?

Increases insulin production and sensitivity to glucose Signup and view all the answers

How does the decrease in leptin affect dopamine levels?

Decreases dopamine levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of menopause according to the given information?

Associates with the decline of ovarian function and hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone production declines with age, according to the information provided?

Human Growth Hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is derived from the lipid cholesterol?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that elicits a response in the same cell?

Autocrine signaling Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates uterine contraction and dilation of the cervix?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What causes cells to decrease receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels?

Downregulation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for melanin production in response to UV light or pregnancy?

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Signup and view all the answers

What hormones regulate the function of gonads?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

"High levels of thyroid hormone increase heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility". Which hormone is most likely being referred to in this statement?

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) Signup and view all the answers

"Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormone (cortisol)". This function is associated with which hormone?

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

"Stimulates lactation, only during pregnancy". This function is attributed to which hormone?

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

"Responsible for maintaining calcium balance through bone, kidneys, and intestines". This description best fits which hormone?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What causes cells to increase their receptors and become more sensitive to hormones?

Upregulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that communicates to other local cells?

Paracrine signaling Signup and view all the answers

What type of signaling involves long-distance communication to maintain homeostasis?

Endocrine signaling Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormone Functions

Prolactin is responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation.
Estrogen's primary function is to stimulate the growth of the female reproductive system and the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
Erythropoietin stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released by the heart helps regulate blood pressure and volume.
Relaxin is responsible for softening the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth.
Glucagon primarily stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in terms of metabolism.
Osteocalcin is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism.
A decrease in leptin levels affects dopamine levels.
Menopause is characterized by a decline in estrogen levels.
The production of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone declines with age.
Steroid hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, are derived from the lipid cholesterol.
Autocrine signaling involves a chemical that elicits a response in the same cell.
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction and dilation of the cervix.
Downregulation is the process by which cells decrease receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is responsible for melanin production in response to UV light or pregnancy.
Gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), regulate the function of gonads.

Thyroid Hormone

Thyroid hormone increases heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility.

Adrenal Cortex

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

Lactation

Prolactin stimulates lactation, only during pregnancy.

Calcium Balance

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for maintaining calcium balance through bone, kidneys, and intestines.

Hormone Sensitivity

Upregulation is the process by which cells increase their receptors and become more sensitive to hormones.

Chemical Signaling

Paracrine signaling involves a chemical that communicates to other local cells.
Endocrine signaling involves long-distance communication to maintain homeostasis.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the overview of the endocrine system in Chapter 17. This quiz covers long-distance communication, hormone secretion, types of chemical signaling, and the distinction from the exocrine system.