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Questions and Answers
Endocrine System (2) Chemical Control 1 ______ or amino acid-derived hormone (first messenger)
Endocrine System (2) Chemical Control 1 ______ or amino acid-derived hormone (first messenger)
peptide
Hormone binds to a ______ on the plasma membrane of a target cell
Hormone binds to a ______ on the plasma membrane of a target cell
receptor
Hormone–receptor binding activates an ______ that catalyzes the synthesis of a second messenger, such as cyclic AMP
Hormone–receptor binding activates an ______ that catalyzes the synthesis of a second messenger, such as cyclic AMP
enzyme
Types of Hormones and Mechanism of chemical signaling: Hormones can be grouped into two types based on their ______
Types of Hormones and Mechanism of chemical signaling: Hormones can be grouped into two types based on their ______
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The second messenger activates other ______
The second messenger activates other ______
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Protein hormones are made of amino acids, either a single modified amino acid or a protein made of 3-200 amino acids, and are water soluble. – Steroid hormones are lipid hormones that the body makes from cholesterol and are ______ soluble.
Protein hormones are made of amino acids, either a single modified amino acid or a protein made of 3-200 amino acids, and are water soluble. – Steroid hormones are lipid hormones that the body makes from cholesterol and are ______ soluble.
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A steroid ______ diffuses through the plasma membrane
A steroid ______ diffuses through the plasma membrane
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Hormones can either be amino acid-based hormones or ______ hormones.
Hormones can either be amino acid-based hormones or ______ hormones.
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Hypothalamus signals pituitary gland if conditions need to be ______.
Hypothalamus signals pituitary gland if conditions need to be ______.
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Protein hormones: Bind to a receptor protein on the surface of the target cell which will trigger signal transduction ______.
Protein hormones: Bind to a receptor protein on the surface of the target cell which will trigger signal transduction ______.
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The thalamus receives sensory information, relays some to the ______.
The thalamus receives sensory information, relays some to the ______.
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To maintain the body’s homeostasis and respond appropriately to changes in the environment, hormone production and secretion must be tightly ______.
To maintain the body’s homeostasis and respond appropriately to changes in the environment, hormone production and secretion must be tightly ______.
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For example, for many hormone systems, the hypothalamus secretes so-called releasing ______, which are transported via the blood to the pituitary gland.
For example, for many hormone systems, the hypothalamus secretes so-called releasing ______, which are transported via the blood to the pituitary gland.
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A ______ feedback loop inhibits a response by reducing the initial stimulus.
A ______ feedback loop inhibits a response by reducing the initial stimulus.
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Constant feedback from the target glands to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland ensures that the activity of the hormone system involved remains within appropriate ______.
Constant feedback from the target glands to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland ensures that the activity of the hormone system involved remains within appropriate ______.
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Hormones are assembled into regulatory ______.
Hormones are assembled into regulatory ______.
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What is the function of the second messenger in the chemical signaling process?
What is the function of the second messenger in the chemical signaling process?
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How do protein hormones exert their effects on target cells?
How do protein hormones exert their effects on target cells?
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What is the role of RNA polymerase in the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?
What is the role of RNA polymerase in the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?
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How do steroid hormones enter the target cells to exert their effects?
How do steroid hormones enter the target cells to exert their effects?
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What is the initial step in the activation of a peptide or amino acid-derived hormone in the chemical signaling process?
What is the initial step in the activation of a peptide or amino acid-derived hormone in the chemical signaling process?
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How do steroid hormones influence gene expression in the target cells?
How do steroid hormones influence gene expression in the target cells?
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What are the two main types of hormones?
What are the two main types of hormones?
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How do protein hormones bind to target cells?
How do protein hormones bind to target cells?
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What triggers the signal transduction pathway for steroid hormones?
What triggers the signal transduction pathway for steroid hormones?
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What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?
What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?
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How are hormone production and secretion controlled?
How are hormone production and secretion controlled?
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What type of feedback loop inhibits a response by reducing the initial stimulus?
What type of feedback loop inhibits a response by reducing the initial stimulus?
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What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?
What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?
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How do hormones influence the organs targeted by the hormone cascade?
How do hormones influence the organs targeted by the hormone cascade?
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What ensures that the activity of the hormone system remains within appropriate boundaries?
What ensures that the activity of the hormone system remains within appropriate boundaries?
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How are releasing hormones transported to the pituitary gland?
How are releasing hormones transported to the pituitary gland?
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