Reproductive Hormones in Women
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transportation for hormones in the endocrine system?

  • Cardiovascular system
  • Bloodstream (correct)
  • Lymphatic system
  • Nervous system

    • Which category do amines and peptides fall into for hormones?

  • Amino acids (correct)
  • Proteins
  • Steroids
  • Lipids

    • What is the primary function of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis?

  • Speedy reactions
  • Local communication between cells
  • Slow acting hormones (correct)
  • Control of reproduction

    • Where can hormones be found in the body?

    <p>All over the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osteocalcin stimulate?

    <p>Insulin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits calcitriol?

    <p>Fibroblast growth factor 23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cholecalciferol, produced by the skin, convert to in the kidneys?

    <p>Calcitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

    <p>It activates protein kinases to start phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of downregulation in response to lots of stimulation in cells?

    <p>The number of receptors decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is commonly known as vasopressin?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

    <p>They secrete a lot of hormones and stimulate secretion of hormones from other glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone (GH) have on the body?

    <p>Promotes protein synthesis and tissue building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Regulates thyroid activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the body?

    <p>Causes the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Signals the anterior pituitary to release gonadotropins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

    <p>The number of receptors decreases due to lots of stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in relation to cAMP?

    <p>Turns off cAMP quickly so that cells only continue to react if more hormones are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes lipid soluble hormones?

    <p>They connect with a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone activates lactation in women and the development of mammary glands if pregnant?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the production of melanin in response to UV light?

    <p>Melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is anterior to the trachea and resembles a butterfly?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the center of hormone production in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone connects to receptors to allow iodide ions to travel across cell membranes?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secreted into the bloodstream?

    <p>By binding to albumin or other plasma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?

    <p>Secretion of parathyroid hormone (PH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the adrenal glands produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does aldosterone, the most common mineralocorticoid, do?

    <p>Increases sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cortisol, the most common glucocorticoid, do?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Promoting bile production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for promoting the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach in response to stomach distention?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of human placental lactogen (hPL) produced by the placenta?

    <p>Preparing the breasts for lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the heart produce in response to atrial stretch and increased blood pressure?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of relaxin produced by the placenta?

    <p>Softening pubic symphysis for easier childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitriol in the body?

    <p>Activating vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chyme and inhibiting hydrochloric acid production in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of cells make up 20% of each islet and produce glucagon?

    <p>Alpha cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?

    <p>Protecting the fetus from immune rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?

    <p>Lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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