Endocrine System and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is also known as the 'don't pee hormone'?

  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • RENIN
  • ADH (correct)

    • What are tissues called that have receptors for a specific hormone?

  • Exocrine glands
  • Spherocytosis
  • Endocrine system
  • Target cells (correct)

    • Which system generally provides a quicker response but a shorter lasting time?

  • Nervous system facts
  • Endocrine responses
  • Nervous system responses (correct)
  • Heart rate variability

    • What molecular state is associated with cell activation, where 'GDP = Off' and 'GTP = On'?

    <p>GDP &amp; GTP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interaction of multiple hormones acting at the same target cell is described by:

    <p>Hormone interaction at Target Cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the endocrine system?

    <ul> <li>Controlled by negative feed-back system</li> <li> <ul> <li>Increased hormone effects on target organs can inhibit further hormone release</li> </ul> </li> <li>Levels vary only within narrow, desirable range</li> <li>Hormone release is triggered by Endocrine gland stimuli (B)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the comparison of the nervous and endocrine systems?

    <p>Endocrine system vs Nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormonal release is typically controlled by which type of mechanism?

    <p>Hormone Release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endocrine glands are stimulated to release hormones in response to which of the following?

    <p>Endocrine Gland stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for the removal of hormones from the blood?

    <p>By the liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the hypothalamus play in the endocrine system?

    <p>It controls the secretions of the pituitary gland. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-steroid hormones typically function at the cellular level?

    <p>They bind to cell surface receptors and utilize second messengers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes autocrine hormones?

    <p>They affect only the cells that produce them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of water-soluble hormones?

    <p>They are generally faster acting than fat-soluble hormones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is primarily influenced by the hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the action of releasing hormones from inhibiting hormones?

    <p>Releasing hormones cause target glands to increase secretion, while inhibiting hormones decrease it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the signaling pathway of hypothalamic hormones?

    <p>They typically utilize second messengers for rapid responses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormones are typically made from amino acids or peptides?

    <p>Water-soluble hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the adrenal medulla during hormonal stimuli?

    <p>To secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance in blood?

    <p>Adrenal cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the target cells for a specific hormone?

    <p>Cells that have receptors specifically for that hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are responses of the endocrine system characterized compared to the nervous system?

    <p>Responses are slower but have longer lasting effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands secrete non-hormonal substances directly into ducts or tubes?

    <p>Exocrine glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hormonal stimuli primarily triggered by?

    <p>Action potentials from sympathetic fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of the hormonal system related to growth and development?

    <p>Releasing growth hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the endocrine system?

    <p>Conduct electrical impulses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is directly associated with the mobilization of body defenses?

    <p>T-cell stimulation by thymus hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stimuli directly triggers the secretion of neuro-hormones?

    <p>Neural stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Neural stimuli

    Hormone release triggered by nerve impulses.

    Humeral stimuli

    Hormone release caused by changes in blood chemistry.

    Hormonal stimuli

    Hormone release triggered by other hormones.

    Permissiveness

    Presence of one hormone allows another to exert its full effect.

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    Target cells

    The specific cells that a hormone can affect.

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    Action of Hormones

    The ability of a hormone to alter the target cell's activity.

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    Endocrine glands

    Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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    Exocrine glands

    Glands that release non-hormonal substances through ducts.

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    Hormone duration

    The time it takes for a hormone's effect to wear off.

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    Hormone intensity

    The strength of a hormone's effect.

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    What is Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)?

    A hormone that decreases urine production, also known as the "don't pee" hormone.

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    What are target cells?

    Cells that have specific receptors for a particular hormone, allowing them to respond to its signal.

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    What is the Endocrine System?

    The body's communication system that uses chemical messengers (hormones) to regulate various functions, but it's slower than the nervous system.

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    What are steroid hormones?

    Hormones that are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble.

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    What are exocrine glands?

    Cells that release their secretions into ducts, which then transport the secretions to a specific location where they are needed.

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    How do hormones interact at target cells?

    Hormones can act together in different ways: Permissiveness involves one hormone allowing another to work effectively. Synergism involves hormones working together for a stronger effect. Antagonism involves hormones that have opposing effects on a target cell.

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    How is the Endocrine system regulated?

    The Endocrine system is tightly controlled by negative feedback. Increased hormone effects on the target organ can stop further hormone release, maintaining levels within a narrow range.

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    How does the endocrine system work with the nervous system?

    The endocrine system regulates long-term processes, while the nervous system regulates rapid responses. The endocrine system uses hormones released into the bloodstream, while the nervous system uses neurotransmitters released into the synapse.

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    What are hormonal stimuli in the endocrine system?

    Hormonal stimuli arise when hormones from other endocrine glands act on a target gland, stimulating the production and release of hormones from that gland.

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    How does the endocrine system function?

    The endocrine system is a ductless system that releases hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then travel to reach their target cells.

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    Hypothalamus Function

    The hypothalamus receives signals from the cerebral cortex, thalamus and limbic system and controls the secretions of the pituitary gland.

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    Hypothalamus Hormone Production

    The hypothalamus produces releasing or inhibiting hormones that act on the anterior pituitary, influencing the release of other hormones.

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    Hypothalamic Hormones Effect

    The hypothalamus influences the release of other hormones by releasing its own hormones, which act on the anterior pituitary.

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    Nervous and Endocrine System Link

    The hypothalamus connects the nervous system to the endocrine system through the pituitary gland, integrating signals from the body and releasing appropriate hormones.

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    Autocrine Hormones

    Autocrine hormones act on the same cell that secreted them.

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    Endocrine Hormones

    Hormones secreted by endocrine glands and transported via the bloodstream to target cells.

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    Endocrine Responses

    The effects of hormones on their target cells, triggering physiological changes.

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    Study Notes

    Multiple Choice Questions

    • Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): Also known as the "don't pee hormone", ADH's role is to regulate water balance.
    • Target cells: These are tissues that have receptors for a specific hormone.
    • Spherocytosis: A disorder of the red blood cells.
    • Endocrine system: A system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It is slower acting but has longer lasting effects
    • Exocrine glands: These glands secrete substances into ducts, such as sweat and saliva.
    • Nervous system responses: Tend to be faster but shorter lasting than endocrine responses
    • Heart rate variability: A measure of the variation in time between heartbeats.
    • Endocrine responses: The response to hormones circulating through the body
    • Hormone interaction at Target Cells: Multiple hormones may act on the same target cell. Permissiveness (one hormone must be present for another to act), Synergism (hormones enhance each other), Antagonism (one hormone opposes another's action).
    • GDP & GTP: Indicators of whether a G protein is activated or deactivated (GDP=off, GTP=on).
    • Steroid (lipid) hormones: Hormones that are derived from cholesterol.
    • Humeral stimuli: Hormone changes in the extracellular fluid triggering hormone release
    • Neural stimuli: Nervous system signals triggering hormone release
    • Hormonal stimuli: Other hormones triggering hormone release.
    • Hormone Release: Process of hormones being released.

    Hormone Release

    • Steroid or steroid-like hormones (Thyroid): These hormones affect target cells.
    • Hormone interaction at Target Cells: Hormones influence target cells in various ways. Hormones from different sources may work together or against each other.
    • Target cell activation depends on: Factors influencing target cells' response to hormones.

    Endocrine System

    • Control System: Regulated by negative feedback, meaning the effects of hormones on target organs can reduce further hormone release.
    • Hormone Levels: Consistently within a narrow range and are released based on triggers from endocrine glands.
    • Hormone interaction: Multiple hormones may act on one target at the same time.
    • Hormone Release Triggers: Can be stimulated by other hormones in the endocrine system.
    • Neuroendocrine Organ/Glands: Produce and release hormones
    • Endocrine System and Nervous System: These two work together but with different responses. (endocrine is slower but lasts longer)

    Definition of Terms

    • Hormone removal: Hormones are removed from the bloodstream via degradation or excretion via kidneys or liver.
    • Hormone Activity: Defined by the impact of the hormone's action on target cells.
    • Hormone Receptors: Endocrine glands are triggered to release hormones in response to other hormones, stimuli, or nerves
    • Neuroendocrine organ: Organ releasing hormones as a result of nerve impulse

    Hormone Action

    • Hormones in blood: Circulate throughout the body and affect cells with specific receptors.
    • Hormonal stimuli: Hormones or nerve impulses in the cell triggering hormone release.
    • Neural stimuli: Nerves triggering hormone release, for example, epinephrine and norepinephrine release from the adrenal medulla.
    • Hormonal stimuli examples: Hormonal or nerve impulses trigger hormone release.
    • Hormone release caused by neural input: An example is the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

    Types of Hormones

    • Water-soluble hormones: Are not able to pass through the plasma membrane and exert faster-acting effects.
    • Non-Steroid Hormones (Amino Acid): Use second messengers, act directly, and are faster in response.

    Endocrine System Functions

    • Reproduction, Growth, and Development: Hormones regulate these critical process.
    • Nutrient Balance: Hormones maintain an electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance within the body
    • Cellular Metabolism and Energy Balance: Hormones regulate cellular metabolism and energy levels.
    • Mobilization of Body Defenses: Hormones support the body's defense systems.

    Endocrine vs. Nervous System

    • Responses/Duration: Endocrine system responses are slower but last longer compared to nervous system responses.
    • Communication Methods: Endocrine communicates through hormones while the nervous system transmits signals through neurons.

    Action of Hormones

    • Neuro-hormones: Released from neurons into the bloodstream.
    • Non-Steroid Hormone Action: Bind to cell surface receptors, requiring second messengers to alter cellular activity.

    Endocrine Gland Stimuli

    • Examples: Neural, humoral, or hormonal stimuli.

    Exocrine Glands

    • Secretion: Release a product to exterior surfaces through ducts. (e.g. sweat, saliva)
    • Examples: Salivary and sweat glands.

    Endocrine Hormones

    • Regulation: Play a crucial role in controlling various bodily functions:
      • Body temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep-wake cycle.
      • Nervous system stimulation to endocrine system.
      • Controls actions by the anterior pituitary gland.

    Responses from Target Cells

    • Actions: Describe the ways in which target cells respond to hormones.
    • Signal amplification: A small signal from the endocrine system can result in a large increase in cellular response in target cells.

    What the Hypothalamus Does

    • Hormone release: The hypothalamus plays a key function in controlling the release of hormones from other regions.
    • Function: Made from amino acids or peptides. It is water-soluble and cannot pass through the plasma membrane.

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    Bio 168 Week 1 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) Quizlet Exam Questions PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the endocrine system, including key concepts like anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), target cells, and hormone interactions. This quiz covers essential aspects of how hormones function and their effects on the body. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these vital biological processes.

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