Endocrine Glucocorticoid Disorders Lecture 7

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What is the primary cause of Cushing syndrome?

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids in the adrenal gland (correct)

Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids

Hypersecretion of CRH in the hypothalamus

Hyposecretion of ACTH in the pituitary gland

What is the effect of glucocorticoid hypersecretion on collagen fibers in the subcutaneous tissue?

Altered collagen fibers leading to skin pigmentation

Decreased collagen fibers leading to fragile skin (correct)

No effect on collagen fibers

Increased collagen fibers leading to thicker skin

What is the result of protein loss from muscles in Cushing syndrome?

Gain of muscle mass and mild weakness

Gain of muscle mass and strength

No change in muscle mass or strength

Loss of muscle mass and severe weakness (correct)

What is the characteristic distribution of fat in Cushing syndrome?

Mobilization of fat from the lower part of the body, with extra-deposition of fat in the thoracic and upper abdominal regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoid hypersecretion on blood glucose concentration?

Increased blood glucose concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoid hypersecretion on tissue proteins?

Decreased tissue proteins everywhere in the body except the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood glucose on beta cells of Langerhans?

Destruction of beta cells leading to frank diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for hypertension in 80% of patients with Cushing syndrome?

Water retention due to mineralocorticoid effects of cortisol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Cushing syndrome?

Mild polycythemia leading to plethoric face Signup and view all the answers

What type of Cushing syndrome arises from abnormalities in the adrenal glands themselves?

Primary Cushing Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for muscle weakness and thin limbs in Cushing disease?

Decreased tissue proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Cushing disease that can delay healing of wounds?

Delayed wound healing Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Addison's disease on blood sugar levels between meals?

Gluconeogenesis from protein and fat is impaired. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol deficiency on protein and fat mobilization in Addison's disease?

Suppressed metabolic functions due to decreased protein and fat mobilization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin pigmentation pattern in Addison's disease?

Blotchy pigmentation in thin skin areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of melanin deposition in Addison's disease?

Loss of normal negative feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between Addison's disease and blood pressure?

Addison's disease is often associated with low blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of mineralocorticoids deficiency in Addison's disease?

Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of androgens?

Promoting protein anabolism and growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of androgenic activity in males?

Testosterone secreted by the testes Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of adrenal androgens?

ACTH Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a female with excessive facial hair and a deepened voice?

Adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of rapid development of male sexual organs and virilization in a prepubertal boy?

A virilizing adrenal tumor Signup and view all the answers

Why is diagnosing AGS in adult males challenging?

Androgen levels are naturally high in males Signup and view all the answers

What can be a life-threatening consequence for a person with Addison's disease experiencing a minor infection?

The body has a reduced ability to handle stress. Signup and view all the answers

What causes the darkening of the skin and mucous membranes in Addison's disease?

Elevated MSH stimulating melanin production Signup and view all the answers

What is Addison's disease primarily a deficiency of?

Glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What is often associated with a deficiency of in Addison's disease?

Mineralocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of primary Addison's disease?

Cortisol is low, and ACTH is high. Signup and view all the answers

Why is hyponatremia common in Addison's disease?

The kidneys lose sodium due to mineralocorticoid deficiency. Signup and view all the answers