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Questions and Answers
Which effect do glucocorticoids have on protein metabolism in extrahepatic tissues?
Which effect do glucocorticoids have on protein metabolism in extrahepatic tissues?
- Lipolytic effect
- Lipogenic effect
- Anabolic effect
- Catabolic effect (correct)
Which mechanism does aldosterone use to conserve water in the body?
Which mechanism does aldosterone use to conserve water in the body?
- Increasing peripheral glucose utilization
- Elevating free fatty acids (FFA) in blood circulation
- Releasing vasopressin (ADH) via the posterior pituitary gland (correct)
- Stimulating gluconeogenesis
How do glucocorticoids like cortisol affect glucose levels in the blood?
How do glucocorticoids like cortisol affect glucose levels in the blood?
- By increasing peripheral glucose utilization by extrahepatic tissues
- By reducing peripheral utilization of glucose by extrahepatic tissues (correct)
- By stimulating lipogenesis in the extremities
- By stimulating insulin secretion
In which areas does cortisol have a lipogenic effect?
In which areas does cortisol have a lipogenic effect?
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What is one of the functions of mineralocorticoids in salt and water balance?
What is one of the functions of mineralocorticoids in salt and water balance?
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What role do glucocorticoids play in the immune system?
What role do glucocorticoids play in the immune system?
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Study Notes
Functions of Glucocorticoids
- Carbohydrate metabolism:
- Increase blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis
- Reduce peripheral utilization of glucose by extrahepatic tissues
- Lipid metabolism:
- Lipogenic effect on face and trunk
- Lipolytic effect on extremities
- Elevate FFA (Free Fatty Acid) in blood circulation
- Protein metabolism:
- Anabolic effect in the liver
- Catabolic effect in extrahepatic tissues (muscle, bone, and skin)
- Immune system:
- Reduce immunity
- Anti-inflammatory effect
- Other functions:
- Share in the metabolic response toward trauma
- Minor mineralocorticoid activity
Functions of Mineralocorticoids
- Salt and water balance:
- Aldosterone acts on distal tubules of the kidney nephron, causing reabsorption of sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood
- Secretion of potassium (K+) ions into the urine
- Aldosterone may act on the central nervous system via the posterior pituitary gland to release vasopressin (ADH) for water conservation
- Acid/base balance:
- Stimulation of H+ secretion in the collecting duct of kidney
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Description
Learn about the main functions of glucocorticoids, including their effects on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Understand how cortisol regulates various physiological processes.
