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Questions and Answers
Which effect do glucocorticoids have on protein metabolism in extrahepatic tissues?
Which effect do glucocorticoids have on protein metabolism in extrahepatic tissues?
Which mechanism does aldosterone use to conserve water in the body?
Which mechanism does aldosterone use to conserve water in the body?
How do glucocorticoids like cortisol affect glucose levels in the blood?
How do glucocorticoids like cortisol affect glucose levels in the blood?
In which areas does cortisol have a lipogenic effect?
In which areas does cortisol have a lipogenic effect?
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What is one of the functions of mineralocorticoids in salt and water balance?
What is one of the functions of mineralocorticoids in salt and water balance?
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What role do glucocorticoids play in the immune system?
What role do glucocorticoids play in the immune system?
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Study Notes
Functions of Glucocorticoids
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Carbohydrate metabolism:
- Increase blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis
- Reduce peripheral utilization of glucose by extrahepatic tissues
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Lipid metabolism:
- Lipogenic effect on face and trunk
- Lipolytic effect on extremities
- Elevate FFA (Free Fatty Acid) in blood circulation
-
Protein metabolism:
- Anabolic effect in the liver
- Catabolic effect in extrahepatic tissues (muscle, bone, and skin)
-
Immune system:
- Reduce immunity
- Anti-inflammatory effect
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Other functions:
- Share in the metabolic response toward trauma
- Minor mineralocorticoid activity
Functions of Mineralocorticoids
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Salt and water balance:
- Aldosterone acts on distal tubules of the kidney nephron, causing reabsorption of sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood
- Secretion of potassium (K+) ions into the urine
- Aldosterone may act on the central nervous system via the posterior pituitary gland to release vasopressin (ADH) for water conservation
-
Acid/base balance:
- Stimulation of H+ secretion in the collecting duct of kidney
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Description
Learn about the main functions of glucocorticoids, including their effects on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Understand how cortisol regulates various physiological processes.
