M+S L4)EN1500 Lecture 4: Word Formation & Category Conversion

<p>Backformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acronym</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portmanteau</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound made by devices or objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hustle-bustle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loan-word</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brand Name</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Backformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labradoodle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acronym</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blending</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>onomatopoeia named after a sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reduplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>loan word</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>consonant change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>onomatopoeia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>loan-blend</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They imitate the sounds they describe, and are examples of onomatopoeia, a type of word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the sound that it describes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Echoism refers to words that evoke the sound or sensation they describe, but do not necessarily imitate it, whereas onomatopoeia imitates the sound it describes. Examples of echoism include 'silky' and 'rough', while examples of onomatopoeia include 'buzz' and 'meow'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduplication involves repeating a part of a word, often with a change in the sound or meaning, whereas blending involves combining parts of two words to create a new word. Examples of reduplication include 'mishmash' and 'wishy-washy', while examples of blending include 'brunch' and 'smog'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a loan word is 'sushi', which originated in Japanese but is now used in many languages. A loan word differs from a borrowed word in that it is incorporated into the borrowing language with little or no modification, whereas a borrowed word may undergo changes in pronunciation or meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initialisms are pronounced letter by letter, such as 'PC' for personal computer, whereas acronyms are pronounced as a word, such as 'AIDS' for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Examples of initialisms include 'PR' and 'IBM', while examples of acronyms include 'UNICEF' and 'LEED'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A portmanteau word is a word that combines parts of two words, such as 'smog' from smoke and fog, whereas a blend word is a word that combines parts of two words, but does not necessarily create a new word with a combined meaning. Blending is the process of creating a new word by combining parts of two or more words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The original word and its clipped form have the same meaning. For example, 'bus' is a clipped form of 'omnibus', and both have the same meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A portmanteau word is a blend of parts of two or more words, resulting in a new word with a combined meaning. For example, 'brunch' is a portmanteau word formed from 'breakfast' and 'lunch'. A blend is a more general term for a word formed by combining parts of two or more words, but it may not necessarily result in a new word with a combined meaning. For example, 'slithy' is a blend of 'lithe' and 'slimy'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The functional shift is from a noun to a verb. This is an example of category conversion, where a word changes its part of speech without changing its form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The word 'record' has undergone a change in stress pattern from /rɪˈkɔːd/ (verb) to /ˈrekɔːd/ (noun). This is significant because it shows that the word's stress pattern can change during conversion, even if its form remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptation involves modifying a clipped form to make it more natural or acceptable in the language. For example, 'fries' is an adapted form of 'French fried potatoes'. Clipping, on the other hand, involves cutting part of an existing word without changing its meaning. For example, 'bus' is a clipped form of 'omnibus'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feature guessing involves guessing the meaning of a word based on its features, such as its stress pattern or sound. For example, the word 'dry' can be converted from a verb to a noun by shifting its stress pattern, as shown in the lecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers