EMT Practice Test Questions

Questions and Answers

What is the rate of CPR in breaths and compressions?

6 breaths and 110 compressions in a minute

What is considered tachycardic for an adult?

Heart rate more than 100

What is considered bradycardic for an adult?

Heart rate less than 60

When is nitroglycerin not advised to be administered?

If the systolic blood pressure is less than 100 Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood flow after it leaves the left ventricle?

It flows to the aortic arch Signup and view all the answers

What medication is contraindicated with erectile dysfunction medications?

Nitroglycerin Signup and view all the answers

What is the parasympathetic system responsible for?

Slowing the heart rate and intestinal activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the carotid artery?

It carries blood from the heart to the head Signup and view all the answers

Are open-ended or closed-ended questions better to ask?

Open-ended questions; it avoids the yes/no answer Signup and view all the answers

What delivers blood to the right atrium?

The superior and inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What does diastolic blood pressure refer to?

It refers to the pressure of the vessels during the relaxation phase; bottom of the blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is TIA?

Transient ischemic attack; this is where vessels in the brain are blocked for a few minutes Signup and view all the answers

When do you change roles during CPR?

Every two minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a heart attack?

Acute myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What does nitroglycerin do?

Nitroglycerin dilates the vessels to reduce the heart's preload Signup and view all the answers

When cells are deprived of oxygen and die, they are called?

Infarcted cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of heart attack is extremely common in the elderly?

Silent heart attack Signup and view all the answers

What is arteriosclerosis?

Thickening of arterial walls Signup and view all the answers

What is pericardial tamponade?

The heart is impeded by fluid in the pericardium Signup and view all the answers

What happens when someone has pericardial tamponade?

Low blood pressure; muffled heart sound; weak pulse due to the heart's struggles to pump Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is unresponsive with a pulse, you:

2 quick rescue breaths then breaths 10-12 every minute Signup and view all the answers

What does a sphygmomanometer measure?

It measures blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal systolic blood pressure for a child?

80-110 Signup and view all the answers

What are three things to check if suspicious of a stroke?

Speech, facial droop, arm drift Signup and view all the answers

What are the actions of nitroglycerin?

Smooth muscle relaxation, reduces cardiac workload, dilates coronary arteries, and dilates systemic arteries Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a patient has preeclampsia?

Hypertensive; extremely high blood pressure and swelling in extremities; susceptible to seizures Signup and view all the answers

What is an ischemic stroke?

Blood flow being cut off from part of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal heart rate for a child?

70-110 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What ratio should two-person CPR on a child be done at?

15:2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment for someone undergoing asphyxial cardiac arrest?

5 cycles of CPR prior to retrieving the AED or emergency response system Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common reason for cardiac arrest in children?

Respiratory arrest Signup and view all the answers

What does the term lumen refer to in EMS?

The diameter of a tube Signup and view all the answers

What are the rescue breathing guidelines?

Adult: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds; child: 1 breath every 3-5 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What does placing a folded towel underneath a child's shoulders do?

It aids in aligning the child's airway Signup and view all the answers

What does DKA cause?

It causes frequent urination in an attempt to rid the body of excess acid buildup Signup and view all the answers

What do alpha 1 receptors do?

Vasoconstricts/shunts blood Signup and view all the answers

What do beta 1 receptors do?

Increases heart rate/contractility Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CPR and Respiratory Guidelines

CPR rate is 6 breaths and 110 compressions per minute.
Change roles in CPR every two minutes to prevent fatigue.
Adult rescue breathing is 1 breath every 5-6 seconds; for children, it's 1 breath every 3-5 seconds.
Two-person CPR ratio for children is 15:2.
For unresponsive patients with a pulse, deliver 2 quick rescue breaths followed by breaths at a rate of 10-12 per minute.

Cardiac Conditions and Measurements

Tachycardia in adults is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
Bradycardia in adults is a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Systolic blood pressure under 100 indicates nitroglycerin should not be given.
Normal systolic blood pressure for a child ranges from 80-110.
Normal heart rate for a child is between 70-110 beats per minute.
A sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure.

Medical Emergencies and Treatment

An acute myocardial infarction is another term for a heart attack.
Silent heart attacks are particularly common in the elderly.
Ischemic strokes occur when blood flow is obstructed to a part of the brain.
TIA, or transient ischemic attack, refers to blocked blood vessels in the brain temporarily.
Preeclampsia presents with hypertension and can lead to seizures.

Vascular and Cardiac Anatomy

After leaving the left ventricle, blood flows to the aortic arch.
The carotid artery carries blood from the heart to the head.
The superior and inferior vena cava deliver blood to the right atrium.
The term lumen describes the diameter of a blood vessel or tube.

Pharmacology and Pathophysiology

Nitroglycerin dilates blood vessels, reduces heart preload, and is contraindicated in patients taking erectile dysfunction medications.
Diastolic blood pressure indicates vascular pressure during heart relaxation (bottom number).
Arteriosclerosis involves the thickening of arterial walls.
Pericardial tamponade is characterized by fluid accumulation around the heart, leading to low blood pressure, muffled heart sounds, and a weak pulse.

Important Signs and Symptoms

Check for speech, facial droop, and arm drift when assessing for a stroke.
Infarcted cells result from oxygen deprivation.
DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) causes frequent urination due to acid buildup in the body.
Alpha-1 receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction, while beta-1 receptors increase heart rate and contractility.

Special Considerations in Pediatric Care

Placing a folded towel under a child's shoulders helps align their airway.
The most common cause of cardiac arrest in children is respiratory arrest.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these EMT practice test flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts such as CPR rates, tachycardia, bradycardia, and the use of nitroglycerin. Perfect for anyone preparing for EMT certification.