EMT Chapter 12 Pharmacology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:

  • Stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them.
  • Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them. (correct)
  • Enhances the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose.
  • Produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type of medication.

Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)?

  • Isordil
  • Digoxin
  • Nexium (correct)
  • Lasix

After assisting a patient with her prescribed MDI during an acute asthma attack, you should:

  • Administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress.
  • Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. (correct)
  • Check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current.
  • Contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did.

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

<p>Sublingually (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After confirming the drug's name and expiration date from the epinephrine auto-injector, you should:

<p>Contact medical control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

<p>The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The EMT should suspect that a patient has overdosed on an opioid drug when:

<p>She received naloxone (Narcan) before the ambulance arrived. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication:

<p>Ibuprofen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a cardiac arrest patient, you should expect the paramedic to:

<p>Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort and a history of heart attacks, you should:

<p>Confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin and give him aspirin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 62-year-old male experiencing crushing chest pain has prescribed nitroglycerin. You should:

<p>Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

<p>Authorization from medical control has been obtained. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

<p>Prevents the aggregation of platelets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

<p>peer-assisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

<p>Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Separation is especially an issue with medicine used as a(n):

<p>Suspension. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.

<p>form</p> Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for a low blood glucose level is:

<p>Hypoglycemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:

<p>Absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'pharmacology' is MOST accurately defined as:

<p>The study of drugs and their actions on the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

<p>Gel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The medications atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc) suggest a history of:

<p>Cardiovascular disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

<p>Aspirin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period, such as a nitroglycerin or fentanyl patch?

<p>Transcutaneous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

<p>Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

<p>Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

<p>The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?

<p>An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen.

<p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

In treating a 45-year-old woman stung by a hornet, if you are not able to make contact with medical control, you should:

<p>Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Antagonistic Medications

Medications that prevent other chemicals from attaching to receptor sites.

Over-the-Counter (OTC)

A type of medication that is available without a prescription.

Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)

A device used to deliver a measured dose of medication, typically in an inhaled form.

Reassessment

The process of evaluating and documenting a patient's response after administering medication.

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Nitroglycerin

A medication used to treat chest pain related to heart conditions.

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Sublingual Administration

The method of administering nitroglycerin under the tongue.

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Anaphylaxis

A serious allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.

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Epinephrine

A medication used to treat severe allergic reactions.

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Rules-Based Medication Error

A medication error that occurs when an EMT administers a medication not authorized by the medical director.

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Naloxone (Narcan)

A medication used to reverse opioid overdoses.

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Opioid Overdose Signs

Signs suggesting a potential opioid overdose.

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Ibuprofen

A common over-the-counter pain reliever.

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Generic Drug

A medication that uses its chemical name rather than a brand name.

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Medical Control Authorization

The process of allowing medical control to authorize the administration of certain medications.

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Allergy Confirmation

The process of checking for allergies before administering medications.

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Hypoglycemia

A condition characterized by low blood glucose levels.

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Medication Absorption

The process by which medications travel through tissues into the bloodstream.

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Enteral Medication

A medication administered orally.

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Parenteral Medication

A medication administered through injection or other routes.

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Oral Glucose Gel

A form of oral glucose that comes in a gel.

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Epinephrine Auto-Injector (EpiPen)

A device that automatically delivers a preset amount of epinephrine.

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Subcutaneous Route

The route of administration for the epinephrine auto-injector.

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Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)

A device that delivers a consistent medication dose with each use.

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Nasal Cannula

A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen.

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Oxygen Concentration

The percentage of oxygen delivered by a nasal cannula at a flow rate of 6 L/min.

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Continuous Monitoring

Monitoring a patient's vital signs during transport.

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Transport and Monitoring

Transporting a patient while continuously monitoring their vital signs.

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Study Notes

Medication Properties

  • Medications with antagonistic properties block receptor sites, preventing other chemicals from attaching.
  • Over-the-counter (OTC) medication in the provided list is Nexium.

Asthma Management

  • Post-assistance with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) for an asthmatic patient, reassess and document the patient's response.

Nitroglycerin Administration

  • Nitroglycerin is typically administered sublingually.
  • In cardiac-related chest pain, relaxes coronary arteries, contributing to pain relief.

Allergic Reactions

  • Signs of severe allergic reactions may be treated with epinephrine; medical control should be contacted upon receipt of an auto-injector from the patient.

Medication Errors

  • A rules-based medication error occurs when an EMT administers a drug not approved by the medical director.

Opioid Overdose Signs

  • Administration of naloxone (Narcan) suggests the patient may have overdosed on an opioid.

Common Medications

  • Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand names for ibuprofen.
  • Aspirin is an example of a generic drug.

Transport and Treatment Protocols

  • EMTs should administer medications cautiously; authorization from medical control is needed for aspirin in specific cases.
  • Confirm no allergy before administering aspirin and document related details.

Blood Glucose Levels

  • Hypoglycemia is the medical term for low blood glucose levels.

Medication Absorption

  • Absorption is the process through which medications travel through tissues into the bloodstream.

Medication Forms

  • Oral glucose is available in gel form.
  • Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

EpiPen Use and Delivery

  • The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of medication and is administered via the subcutaneous route.

Metered-Dose Inhalers

  • MDIs provide a consistent medication dose with each use.

Oxygen Delivery

  • A nasal cannula at a flow rate of 6 L/min can deliver oxygen concentration up to 44%.

Emergency Response

  • In cases of allergic reactions with stable vital signs, begin transport while continuously monitoring the patient.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pharmacology in EMT Chapter 12 with this quiz. Focus on medication properties, including antagonistic effects and receptor interactions. Perfect for students preparing for EMT examinations.

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