EMT Basic Medications Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the 7 medications an EMT can administer?

Activated Charcoal, Albuterol, Aspirin, Epinephrine, Nitroglycerin, Oral Glucose, & Diphenhydramine.

What is the trade name of Activated Charcoal?

  • Actichar (correct)
  • Bayer
  • Ventolin
  • EpiPen

    • What are the trade names of Albuterol?

  • Proventil (correct)
  • Benadryl
  • Ventolin (correct)
  • Nitrostat

    • What are the trade names of Aspirin?

    <p>St. Joseph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the trade names of Epinephrine?

    <p>Twinject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade name of Nitroglycerin?

    <p>Nitrostat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the trade names of Oral Glucose?

    <p>Glutose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade name of Diphenhydramine?

    <p>Benadryl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Activated Charcoal?

    <p>Binds toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract, onset of action is immediate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Albuterol?

    <p>Relaxes smooth muscles in the bronchial tree causing bronchodilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Aspirin?

    <p>Inhibits clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Epinephrine?

    <p>Vasoconstriction, smooth muscle relaxation of the bronchioles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Nitroglycerin?

    <p>Coronary vessel vasodilation, decreases workload of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Oral Glucose?

    <p>Elevated blood glucose level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Diphenhydramine?

    <p>Helps with allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Activated Charcoal?

    <p>Oral poisoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Albuterol?

    <p>Respiratory distress caused by bronchoconstriction, wheezing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Aspirin?

    <p>Cardiac chest pain of new onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Epinephrine?

    <p>Severe allergic reaction with associated hypotension and/or respiratory distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Nitroglycerin?

    <p>Cardiac chest pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Oral Glucose?

    <p>Altered mental status with low blood glucose less than 60 mg or history of diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for Diphenhydramine?

    <p>Allergic dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, allergic reactions, sleep disorders, allergic rhinitis, motion sickness, treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Activated Charcoal?

    <p>Oral administration to comatose patient, after ingestion of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum distillates, simultaneous administration with other oral drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Albuterol?

    <p>Allergic, maximum dose administered, rapid heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Aspirin?

    <p>Allergic, internal bleeding, asthma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Epinephrine?

    <p>Not a life-threatening emergency, however, contact medical control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Nitroglycerin?

    <p>Systolic blood pressure less than 100, head injury, taken an ED within 24 hours, maximum dose taken in 30 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Oral Glucose?

    <p>Decreased level of consciousness, unable to swallow or protect airway, nausea and vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Diphenhydramine?

    <p>Neonates or premature infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of Activated Charcoal?

    <p>25 g per 125 mL bottle, 50 g per 250 mL bottle, 1 part charcoal/4 parts water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medication forms of Albuterol?

    <p>Metered dose inhaler or liquid for nebulizer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medication forms of Aspirin?

    <p>81 mg chewable tablets, 160 mg tablets, 325 mg tablets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medication form of Epinephrine?

    <p>Autoinjector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medication forms of Nitroglycerin?

    <p>Tablets or spray can be administered by EMTs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medication form of Oral Glucose?

    <p>Gel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medication forms of Diphenhydramine?

    <p>Capsule, tablets, chewable tablets, liquid, injection, topical cream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Activated Charcoal?

    <p>1 - 2 grams per kg of patient's weight PO (Oral).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Albuterol?

    <p>Metered dose inhaler - 2 puffs 1 - 2 minutes apart, nebulizer - 2.5 mg nebulizer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Aspirin?

    <p>160 - 325 mg PO (Oral).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Epinephrine?

    <p>1 autoinjector; adult - .3 mg; pediatric - .15 mg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Nitroglycerin?

    <p>Tablets - .3 - .4 mg SL every 3 - 5 minutes to a maximum dose of 3 tablets; spray - .4 mg SL every 3 - 5 minutes to maximum dose of 3 sprays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Oral Glucose?

    <p>1 tube (15 mg) applied to bite stick or tongue depressor applied between cheek and gum, facing the cheek.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage and administration route for Diphenhydramine?

    <p>25 - 50 mg PO every 4-8 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 6 Rights of Medication Administration?

    <p>Patient, Medication, Dose, Route, Time, Documentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    EMT Basic Medications Overview

    • EMTs can administer seven key medications: Activated Charcoal, Albuterol, Aspirin, Epinephrine, Nitroglycerin, Oral Glucose, and Diphenhydramine.

    Trade Names of Medications

    • Activated Charcoal: Actichar
    • Albuterol: Ventolin, Proventil
    • Aspirin: Bayer, St. Joseph
    • Epinephrine: EpiPen, Twinject
    • Nitroglycerin: Nitrostat
    • Oral Glucose: Insta-Glucose, Glutose
    • Diphenhydramine: Benadryl

    Mechanism of Action

    • Activated Charcoal: Binds to toxins in the gastrointestinal tract; immediate onset.
    • Albuterol: Relaxes smooth bronchial muscles, resulting in bronchodilation.
    • Aspirin: Inhibits clotting processes.
    • Epinephrine: Causes vasoconstriction and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles.
    • Nitroglycerin: Dilates coronary vessels, reducing heart workload and oxygen demand.
    • Oral Glucose: Increases blood glucose levels.
    • Diphenhydramine: Alleviates allergic reactions.

    Indications for Use

    • Activated Charcoal: For oral poisoning.
    • Albuterol: For respiratory distress from bronchoconstriction and wheezing.
    • Aspirin: For new onset cardiac chest pain.
    • Epinephrine: For severe allergic reactions with hypotension or respiratory distress.
    • Nitroglycerin: For cardiac chest pain.
    • Oral Glucose: For altered mental status with low blood glucose (under 60 mg) or history of diabetes.
    • Diphenhydramine: For allergic dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, motion sickness, and sleep disorders.

    Contraindications

    • Activated Charcoal: Not for use in comatose patients or after corrosive ingestion; avoid with other oral drugs.
    • Albuterol: Contraindicated in allergies, if maximum dose is given, or with rapid heart rate.
    • Aspirin: Avoid in patients with allergies, internal bleeding, or asthma.
    • Epinephrine: Use only in life-threatening emergencies; consult medical control otherwise.
    • Nitroglycerin: Contraindicated with systolic blood pressure below 100, head injury, recent ED use, or maximum dose taken within 30 minutes.
    • Oral Glucose: Do not administer if the patient is unconscious, unable to swallow, or has nausea/vomiting.
    • Diphenhydramine: Avoid in neonates and premature infants.

    Medication Forms

    • Activated Charcoal: Available in 25 g/125 mL or 50 g/250 mL bottles; mixed with water.
    • Albuterol: Comes as a metered dose inhaler or liquid for nebulization.
    • Aspirin: Available as 81 mg chewable, 160 mg, and 325 mg tablets.
    • Epinephrine: Provided in autoinjector form.
    • Nitroglycerin: Offered as tablets or spray.
    • Oral Glucose: Comes in gel form.
    • Diphenhydramine: Available as capsules, tablets, chewable tablets, liquid, injection, and topical cream.

    Dosage & Administration

    • Activated Charcoal: 1-2 grams per kg, administered orally.
    • Albuterol: 2 puffs (metered dose inhaler) or 2.5 mg (nebulizer), with puffs 1-2 minutes apart.
    • Aspirin: Administer 160-325 mg orally.
    • Epinephrine: One autoinjector; adult dose is 0.3 mg, pediatric is 0.15 mg.
    • Nitroglycerin: 0.3-0.4 mg sublingually every 3-5 minutes, max of 3 tablets or sprays.
    • Oral Glucose: 1 tube (15 mg) applied via bite stick or tongue depressor.
    • Diphenhydramine: 25-50 mg orally every 4-8 hours.

    Six Rights of Medication Administration

    • Ensure the right Patient, Medication, Dose, Route, Time, and Documentation are followed during medication administration.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key medications that EMTs can administer, including their trade names and mechanisms of action. Test your knowledge on Activated Charcoal, Albuterol, Aspirin, Epinephrine, Nitroglycerin, Oral Glucose, and Diphenhydramine. Understand how these medications work and their indications for use in emergency situations.

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