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Pharmacology Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Pharmacology Chapter 11 Flashcards

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@SkilledAzalea

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

  • The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. (correct)
  • The EMT fails to document the medication given.
  • The EMT administers oxygen without an order.
  • The EMT gives a lower dosage than prescribed.

    • How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

    Sublingually

    Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

  • Tylenol
  • Advil
  • Allegra
  • Aspirin (correct)

    • The term 'pharmacology' is MOST accurately defined as?

    <p>The study of drugs and their actions on the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you cannot contact medical control for a patient experiencing an allergic reaction?

    <p>Administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nitroglycerin relieve angina?

    <p>Dilating the arteries to increase the oxygen supply to the heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

    <p>Slow respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control for a patient with a hornet sting?

    <p>Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if authorization from medical control has been obtained.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After assisting a patient with her prescribed MDI for asthma, what should you do?

    <p>Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication route delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time?

    <p>Transcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures the form the manufacturer chooses for a medication?

    <p>All of these answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called?

    <p>Adsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aspirin beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack?

    <p>Prevents the aggregation of platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for which generic medication?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication form does oral glucose come in?

    <p>Gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medications atorvastatin and amlodipine suggest a history of?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you recall when treating geriatric patients taking nitroglycerin?

    <p>Geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after administering supplemental oxygen to a patient with crushing chest pain and prescribed nitroglycerin?

    <p>Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naloxone administration could cause seizures in a known heroin abuser.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if a female patient begins complaining of dizziness after nitroglycerin administration?

    <p>Place her in a supine position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine decreases heart rate and blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated charcoal is an example of a(n)?

    <p>Suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine acts as a specific antidote to?

    <p>Histamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________.

    <p>Dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the?

    <p>Intranasal route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called?

    <p>Capsules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication route would be the MOST appropriate for an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

    <p>Intraosseous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

    <p>Peer-assisted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is?

    <p>Hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

    <p>Intramuscular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you expect a paramedic to do during a cardiac arrest resuscitation?

    <p>Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oral glucose administered?

    <p>Is placed between a patient's cheek and gum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of Alupent suggest about a patient?

    <p>The patient has a history of asthma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drowsiness and a dry mouth after diphenhydramine administration are examples of a(n)?

    <p>Side effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nitroglycerin do when administered to patients with cardiac-related chest pain?

    <p>Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proper dose of a medication depends on all of the following, EXCEPT?

    <p>Generic substitutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

    <p>Medical direction approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medication Errors and Administration

    • Rules-based medication error: administering a drug not approved by the medical director.
    • Nitroglycerin is typically administered sublingually.
    • Aspirin is an example of a generic drug.
    • Pharmacology: study of drugs and their actions on the body.

    Emergency Response and Medication Use

    • For severe allergic reactions, administer epinephrine, transport to the hospital, and attempt to contact medical control while en route.
    • Nitroglycerin alleviates angina by dilating arteries, improving oxygen supply to the heart.
    • Parenteral medications are absorbed faster than enteral medications.
    • Slow respirations indicate the need for naloxone (Narcan) administration.

    Patient Assessment and Monitoring

    • In a case of a hornet sting with no wheezing or respiratory distress, transport the patient while monitoring her condition if unable to contact medical control.
    • Aspirin can be administered only with medical control authorization.
    • After assisting with a prescribed metered-dose inhaler (MDI) during an asthma attack, reassess the patient and document their response.

    Dosage and Medication Forms

    • Transcutaneous medication systems deliver drugs through the skin over time, using patches.
    • The medication form chosen by the manufacturer ensures its efficacy.
    • Adsorption refers to binding or sticking to a surface.
    • Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, beneficial for suspected heart attack patients.

    Trade Names and Conditions

    • Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for ibuprofen.
    • Oral glucose is typically delivered in gel form.
    • A history of cardiovascular disease may be indicated by the use of atorvastatin and amlodipine.
    • Geriatric patients may require modifications in drug dosage due to slower absorption times.

    Knowledge of Glucose and Administration Routes

    • Glucose is a simple sugar that absorbs readily into the bloodstream.
    • Assist patients with nitroglycerin unless systolic blood pressure drops below 100 mm Hg.
    • Naloxone can induce seizures in known heroin abusers.
    • Dizziness after nitroglycerin administration may require the patient to be placed supine.

    Characteristics and Forms of Medications

    • Epinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, not decreases them.
    • Activated charcoal is a suspension used to treat certain poisoning cases.
    • Epinephrine acts as an antidote to histamine.
    • The amount of medication given is referred to as the dose.

    Routes and Special Considerations

    • A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used for intranasal medication delivery.
    • Liquid medications encased in gelatin shells are called capsules.
    • Intraosseous administration is appropriate for unresponsive patients when IV access is difficult.
    • Peer-assisted administration refers to giving medication to oneself or a partner.
    • Pediatric patients often require modified drug dosages due to different physiological responses.

    Common Conditions and Side Effects

    • Hypoglycemia denotes an extremely low blood glucose level.
    • The EpiPen auto-injector delivers medication intramuscularly.
    • Paramedics should expect to administer drugs via IV for rapid effectiveness during resuscitation.
    • Oral glucose can be administered by placing it between the patient's cheek and gum.
    • The presence of Alupent suggests a patient history of asthma.
    • The epinephrine auto-injector provides a preset dose.
    • Side effects from medications like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) include drowsiness and dry mouth.
    • Nitroglycerin relaxes coronary artery walls in patients with cardiac-related chest pain.
    • Proper medication dosing does not include generic substitutions as a factor.
    • EMTs must obtain medical direction approval to administer drugs to patients.

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    Dive into the principles of pharmacology with these flashcards from Chapter 11. Test your knowledge on medication errors, drug administration, and drug classifications. Perfect for EMTs and students in the medical field!

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