EMT-Basic Terminology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does 'medial' refer to?

To the side, away from the midline of the body

The front of the body

On both sides

Toward the midline of the body (correct)

Which direction does 'lateral' indicate?

To the side, away from the midline of the body (correct)

On both sides

Toward the midline of the body

The back of the body

What does 'bilateral' mean?

On both sides

Define 'mid-axillary line'.

A line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anterior' refer to?

The front of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'posterior' mean?

The back of the body or body part Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ventral' refer to?

The front of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dorsal' describe?

The back of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'superior'?

Toward the head Signup and view all the answers

Define 'inferior'.

Away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head Signup and view all the answers

What does 'proximal' mean?

Closer to the torso Signup and view all the answers

What does 'distal' refer to?

Farther away from the torso Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'torso'?

The trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities Signup and view all the answers

Define 'palmer'.

Referring to the palm of the hand Signup and view all the answers

What does 'plantar' refer to?

Referring to the sole of the foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'mid-clavicular' line?

The line through the center of the clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Define 'abdominal quadrants'.

Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury Signup and view all the answers

What does 'supine' mean?

Lying on the back Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'recovery position'?

Lying on the side; also called the lateral recumbent position Signup and view all the answers

Describe 'Fowler's position'.

A sitting position Signup and view all the answers

Identify the structures found in the Right Upper Quadrant.

Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are located in the Left Upper Quadrant?

Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon, Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are found in the Right Lower Quadrant?

Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Appendix Signup and view all the answers

Identify the components of the Left Lower Quadrant.

Left Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the left leg, Ureter Signup and view all the answers

Define the 'Trendelenburg Position'.

A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'musculoskeletal system'?

System of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'skeleton'?

The bones of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'muscle' refer to?

Tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'ligament'?

Tissue that connects bone to bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tendon' refer to?

Tissue that connects muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

Define 'skull'.

The bony structure of the head Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'cranium'?

The top, back, and sides of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'mandible'?

The lower jaw bone Signup and view all the answers

What are 'maxillae'?

The two fused bones forming the upper jaw Signup and view all the answers

What are 'nasal bones'?

The nose bones Signup and view all the answers

What are 'orbits'?

The bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets Signup and view all the answers

Define 'zygomatic arches'.

Form the structure of the cheeks Signup and view all the answers

What are 'vertebrae'?

The 33 bones of the spinal column Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thorax' refer to?

The chest Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'sternum'?

Breastbone Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'manubrium'?

The superior portion of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

Define 'xiphoid process'.

Inferior portion of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'pelvis'?

The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'ilium'?

The superior and widest portion of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'ischium'?

The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'pubis'?

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Define 'acetabulum'.

The pelvis socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'femur'?

The large bone of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'patella'?

Kneecap Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tibia' refer to?

The medial and larger bone of the lower leg Signup and view all the answers

Define 'fibula'.

The lateral and small bone of the lower leg Signup and view all the answers

What does 'malleolous' mean?

Protrusion on the side of the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What are 'tarsal' bones?

Ankle bones Signup and view all the answers

What does 'metatarsal' refer to?

The foot bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'calcaneus'?

The heel bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'phalanges' refer to?

The toe and finger bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'clavicle'?

The collarbone Signup and view all the answers

Define 'scapula'.

Shoulder blade Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'acromion process'?

The highest portion of the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'acromioclavicular joint'?

The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'humerus'?

The bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'radius'?

The lateral bone of the forearm Signup and view all the answers

What are 'carpals'?

Wrist bones Signup and view all the answers

Define 'metacarpals'.

Hand bones Signup and view all the answers

What are 'joints'?

The point where two bones come together Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'voluntary muscle'?

Muscle that can be consciously controlled; attaches to bones Signup and view all the answers

Define 'involuntary muscle'.

Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled Signup and view all the answers

What is 'cardiac muscle'?

Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart Signup and view all the answers

What does 'automaticity' refer to?

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'respiratory system'?

The system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'oropharynx'?

The area directly posterior to the mouth Signup and view all the answers

Define 'nasopharynx'.

The area directly posterior to the nose Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'pharynx'?

The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'epiglottis'?

A leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'larynx'?

The voice box Signup and view all the answers

Define 'cricoid cartilage'.

The ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'trachea'?

The 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are 'lungs'?

The organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place Signup and view all the answers

What are 'bronchi'?

The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are 'alveoli'?

The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'diaphragm'?

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is 'inhalation'?

An active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract Signup and view all the answers

What is 'exhalation'?

A passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cardiovascular system' refer to?

The system made up of the heart and the blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What are 'atria'?

The two upper chambers of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are 'ventricles'?

The two lower chambers of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are 'venae cavae'?

The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'valve'?

A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'cardiac conduction system'?

A system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'artery'?

Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are 'coronary arteries'?

Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'aorta'?

The largest artery in the body Signup and view all the answers

What are 'pulmonary arteries'?

Vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are 'carotid arteries'?

Large neck arteries that carry blood from the heart to the head Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'femoral artery'?

The major artery supplying the leg Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'brachial artery'?

Artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'radial artery'?

Artery of the lower arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'posterior tibial artery'?

Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'dorsalis pedis artery'?

Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'arteriole'?

The smallest kind of artery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomical Terms of Orientation

Medial: Refers to a position toward the midline of the body.
Lateral: Indicates a position away from the midline, towards the side.
Bilateral: Involves both sides of the body.
Anterior: Refers to the front of the body.
Posterior: Describes the back of the body or body part.
Ventral: Synonymous with anterior; indicates the front side.
Dorsal: Synonymous with posterior; indicates the back side.
Superior: Indicates a position toward the head.
Inferior: Describes a position away from the head.
Proximal: Refers to being closer to the torso.
Distal: Indicates a position farther from the torso.

Body Positions and Planes

Mid-axillary line: Vertical line from the center of the armpit to the ankle.
Supine: Position of lying on the back.
Recovery Position: Lying on the side (lateral recumbent position).
Fowler's Position: Sitting position used for medical purposes.
Trendelenburg Position: Feet elevated above the head, used in shock situations.

Abdominal Quadrants

Right Upper Quadrant: Contains the liver, right kidney, colon, pancreas, and gallbladder.
Left Upper Quadrant: Contains the liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, and pancreas.
Right Lower Quadrant: Contains the right kidney, colon, small intestines, appendix, and major arteries/veins to the right leg.
Left Lower Quadrant: Contains the left kidney, colon, small intestines, and major arteries/veins to the left leg.

Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal system: Composed of bones and skeletal muscles; provides support and allows movement.
Skeleton: The bony structure of the body.
Muscle: Contractile tissue that enables body movement.
Ligament: Connects bone to bone.
Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

Skull Anatomy

Skull: Bony structure of the head.
Cranium: Encloses the brain; includes the top, back, and sides.
Mandible: The lower jaw bone.
Maxillae: The upper jaw formed by two fused bones.
Nasal bones: Form the structure of the nose.
Zygomatic arches: Make up the cheek structure.

Spinal and Thoracic Anatomy

Vertebrae: Composed of 33 bones forming the spinal column.
Thorax: Refers to the chest.
Sternum: Known as the breastbone; consists of three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Pelvic Anatomy

Pelvis: Basin-shaped structure supporting the spine and connecting lower extremities.
Ilium: The superior and widest part of the pelvis.
Ischium: The lower, posterior portion of the pelvis.
Pubis: The anterior portion of the pelvis.

Lower Limb Anatomy

Femur: Large thigh bone.
Patella: The kneecap.
Tibia: The larger, medial bone of the lower leg.
Fibula: The smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg.
Calcaneus: The heel bone.
Phalanges: Bones in the toes and fingers.

Upper Limb and Shoulder Anatomy

Clavicle: The collarbone.
Scapula: The shoulder blade; includes the acromion process, the highest part of the shoulder.
Humerus: Bone of the upper arm.

Cardiac and Circulatory System

Cardiovascular System: Comprises the heart and blood vessels for circulation.
Atria: Two upper heart chambers; right atrium receives unoxygenated blood, left atrium sends oxygen-rich blood to the body.
Ventricles: Two lower heart chambers; right ventricle sends blood to the lungs, left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Pulmonary arteries: Carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Coronary arteries: Supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

Respiratory System Components

Respiratory System: Includes the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles to facilitate gas exchange.
Alveoli: Microscopic sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Diaphragm: Major respiratory muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities; aids in breathing.

Muscle Types

Voluntary Muscle: Conscious control; primarily skeletal muscle.
Involuntary Muscle: Automatically responds to brain signals; includes smooth and cardiac muscle.
Cardiac Muscle: Specialized muscle of the heart with automatic contraction ability.

Additional Anatomy

Trachea: The windpipe connecting the pharynx to the lungs.
Bronchi: Main air passageways diverging from the trachea to the lungs.
Valves: Structures allowing blood flow in one direction within the cardiovascular system.

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Test your knowledge on EMT-Basic terminology with these flashcards. Each card features a key term related to body orientation and anatomical positioning. Perfect for those studying for EMT certification or enhancing their medical vocabulary.