EMT-Basic Terminology Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does 'medial' refer to?

  • To the side, away from the midline of the body
  • The front of the body
  • On both sides
  • Toward the midline of the body (correct)

    • Which direction does 'lateral' indicate?

  • To the side, away from the midline of the body (correct)
  • On both sides
  • Toward the midline of the body
  • The back of the body

    • What does 'bilateral' mean?

    On both sides

    Define 'mid-axillary line'.

    <p>A line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'anterior' refer to?

    <p>The front of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'posterior' mean?

    <p>The back of the body or body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ventral' refer to?

    <p>The front of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dorsal' describe?

    <p>The back of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'superior'?

    <p>Toward the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'inferior'.

    <p>Away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'proximal' mean?

    <p>Closer to the torso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'distal' refer to?

    <p>Farther away from the torso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'torso'?

    <p>The trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'palmer'.

    <p>Referring to the palm of the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'plantar' refer to?

    <p>Referring to the sole of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'mid-clavicular' line?

    <p>The line through the center of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'abdominal quadrants'.

    <p>Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'supine' mean?

    <p>Lying on the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'recovery position'?

    <p>Lying on the side; also called the lateral recumbent position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe 'Fowler's position'.

    <p>A sitting position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the structures found in the Right Upper Quadrant.

    <p>Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are located in the Left Upper Quadrant?

    <p>Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon, Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are found in the Right Lower Quadrant?

    <p>Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the components of the Left Lower Quadrant.

    <p>Left Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the left leg, Ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the 'Trendelenburg Position'.

    <p>A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'musculoskeletal system'?

    <p>System of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'skeleton'?

    <p>The bones of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'muscle' refer to?

    <p>Tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'ligament'?

    <p>Tissue that connects bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'tendon' refer to?

    <p>Tissue that connects muscle to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'skull'.

    <p>The bony structure of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'cranium'?

    <p>The top, back, and sides of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'mandible'?

    <p>The lower jaw bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'maxillae'?

    <p>The two fused bones forming the upper jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'nasal bones'?

    <p>The nose bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'orbits'?

    <p>The bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'zygomatic arches'.

    <p>Form the structure of the cheeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'vertebrae'?

    <p>The 33 bones of the spinal column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'thorax' refer to?

    <p>The chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'sternum'?

    <p>Breastbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'manubrium'?

    <p>The superior portion of the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'xiphoid process'.

    <p>Inferior portion of the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'pelvis'?

    <p>The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'ilium'?

    <p>The superior and widest portion of the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'ischium'?

    <p>The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'pubis'?

    <p>The medial anterior portion of the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'acetabulum'.

    <p>The pelvis socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'femur'?

    <p>The large bone of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'patella'?

    <p>Kneecap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'tibia' refer to?

    <p>The medial and larger bone of the lower leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'fibula'.

    <p>The lateral and small bone of the lower leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'malleolous' mean?

    <p>Protrusion on the side of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'tarsal' bones?

    <p>Ankle bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'metatarsal' refer to?

    <p>The foot bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'calcaneus'?

    <p>The heel bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'phalanges' refer to?

    <p>The toe and finger bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'clavicle'?

    <p>The collarbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'scapula'.

    <p>Shoulder blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'acromion process'?

    <p>The highest portion of the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'acromioclavicular joint'?

    <p>The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'humerus'?

    <p>The bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'radius'?

    <p>The lateral bone of the forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'carpals'?

    <p>Wrist bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'metacarpals'.

    <p>Hand bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'joints'?

    <p>The point where two bones come together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'voluntary muscle'?

    <p>Muscle that can be consciously controlled; attaches to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'involuntary muscle'.

    <p>Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'cardiac muscle'?

    <p>Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'automaticity' refer to?

    <p>The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'respiratory system'?

    <p>The system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'oropharynx'?

    <p>The area directly posterior to the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'nasopharynx'.

    <p>The area directly posterior to the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'pharynx'?

    <p>The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'epiglottis'?

    <p>A leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'larynx'?

    <p>The voice box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'cricoid cartilage'.

    <p>The ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'trachea'?

    <p>The 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'lungs'?

    <p>The organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'bronchi'?

    <p>The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'alveoli'?

    <p>The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'diaphragm'?

    <p>The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'inhalation'?

    <p>An active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'exhalation'?

    <p>A passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cardiovascular system' refer to?

    <p>The system made up of the heart and the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'atria'?

    <p>The two upper chambers of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'ventricles'?

    <p>The two lower chambers of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'venae cavae'?

    <p>The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'valve'?

    <p>A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'cardiac conduction system'?

    <p>A system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'artery'?

    <p>Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'coronary arteries'?

    <p>Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'aorta'?

    <p>The largest artery in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'pulmonary arteries'?

    <p>Vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'carotid arteries'?

    <p>Large neck arteries that carry blood from the heart to the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'femoral artery'?

    <p>The major artery supplying the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'brachial artery'?

    <p>Artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'radial artery'?

    <p>Artery of the lower arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'posterior tibial artery'?

    <p>Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'dorsalis pedis artery'?

    <p>Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'arteriole'?

    <p>The smallest kind of artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomical Terms of Orientation

    • Medial: Refers to a position toward the midline of the body.
    • Lateral: Indicates a position away from the midline, towards the side.
    • Bilateral: Involves both sides of the body.
    • Anterior: Refers to the front of the body.
    • Posterior: Describes the back of the body or body part.
    • Ventral: Synonymous with anterior; indicates the front side.
    • Dorsal: Synonymous with posterior; indicates the back side.
    • Superior: Indicates a position toward the head.
    • Inferior: Describes a position away from the head.
    • Proximal: Refers to being closer to the torso.
    • Distal: Indicates a position farther from the torso.

    Body Positions and Planes

    • Mid-axillary line: Vertical line from the center of the armpit to the ankle.
    • Supine: Position of lying on the back.
    • Recovery Position: Lying on the side (lateral recumbent position).
    • Fowler's Position: Sitting position used for medical purposes.
    • Trendelenburg Position: Feet elevated above the head, used in shock situations.

    Abdominal Quadrants

    • Right Upper Quadrant: Contains the liver, right kidney, colon, pancreas, and gallbladder.
    • Left Upper Quadrant: Contains the liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, and pancreas.
    • Right Lower Quadrant: Contains the right kidney, colon, small intestines, appendix, and major arteries/veins to the right leg.
    • Left Lower Quadrant: Contains the left kidney, colon, small intestines, and major arteries/veins to the left leg.

    Musculoskeletal System

    • Musculoskeletal system: Composed of bones and skeletal muscles; provides support and allows movement.
    • Skeleton: The bony structure of the body.
    • Muscle: Contractile tissue that enables body movement.
    • Ligament: Connects bone to bone.
    • Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

    Skull Anatomy

    • Skull: Bony structure of the head.
    • Cranium: Encloses the brain; includes the top, back, and sides.
    • Mandible: The lower jaw bone.
    • Maxillae: The upper jaw formed by two fused bones.
    • Nasal bones: Form the structure of the nose.
    • Zygomatic arches: Make up the cheek structure.

    Spinal and Thoracic Anatomy

    • Vertebrae: Composed of 33 bones forming the spinal column.
    • Thorax: Refers to the chest.
    • Sternum: Known as the breastbone; consists of three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

    Pelvic Anatomy

    • Pelvis: Basin-shaped structure supporting the spine and connecting lower extremities.
    • Ilium: The superior and widest part of the pelvis.
    • Ischium: The lower, posterior portion of the pelvis.
    • Pubis: The anterior portion of the pelvis.

    Lower Limb Anatomy

    • Femur: Large thigh bone.
    • Patella: The kneecap.
    • Tibia: The larger, medial bone of the lower leg.
    • Fibula: The smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg.
    • Calcaneus: The heel bone.
    • Phalanges: Bones in the toes and fingers.

    Upper Limb and Shoulder Anatomy

    • Clavicle: The collarbone.
    • Scapula: The shoulder blade; includes the acromion process, the highest part of the shoulder.
    • Humerus: Bone of the upper arm.

    Cardiac and Circulatory System

    • Cardiovascular System: Comprises the heart and blood vessels for circulation.
    • Atria: Two upper heart chambers; right atrium receives unoxygenated blood, left atrium sends oxygen-rich blood to the body.
    • Ventricles: Two lower heart chambers; right ventricle sends blood to the lungs, left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body.
    • Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
    • Pulmonary arteries: Carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
    • Coronary arteries: Supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

    Respiratory System Components

    • Respiratory System: Includes the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles to facilitate gas exchange.
    • Alveoli: Microscopic sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs.
    • Diaphragm: Major respiratory muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities; aids in breathing.

    Muscle Types

    • Voluntary Muscle: Conscious control; primarily skeletal muscle.
    • Involuntary Muscle: Automatically responds to brain signals; includes smooth and cardiac muscle.
    • Cardiac Muscle: Specialized muscle of the heart with automatic contraction ability.

    Additional Anatomy

    • Trachea: The windpipe connecting the pharynx to the lungs.
    • Bronchi: Main air passageways diverging from the trachea to the lungs.
    • Valves: Structures allowing blood flow in one direction within the cardiovascular system.

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